Paper · 1996

Stomatal density and aperture in relation to postharvest wilting in some leafy vegetables

V.B. Langaoan; Ofelia K. Bautista; E.B. Esguerra; et al.

17
claims
23
verbatim quotes
1
citations
2
research areas
—
Not open access

Abstract

Among the leaves examined, the greatest number of stomata was observed in sweet potato leaves, followed by swamp cabbage and Malabar spinach. Jute mallow and amaranth had approximately six times less stomates than sweet potato. Stomatal density was highest at the apical portion of the leaf decreasing towards the base except for jute mallow where stomatal count was almost the same throughout the leaf. An hour after harvest, a decrease in the stomatal aperture was detected and slight wilting was apparent in all the vegetables. In 12 hours, the vegetables were already unmarketable due to wilting. There was a direct relationship between the size of the aperture and the degree of wilting. The pore of the Malabar spinach significantly decreased in size within 6 hours and had the fastest rate of closure (20.48 percent per unit change in wilting index). It thus wilted the slowest. However, the slow transpiration could also be attributed to its waxy and thick leaves. The four other vegetables had thinner leaves and were less waxy. The stomatal aperture of amaranth decreased at the fastest rate among the four vegetables and it had the least amount of stomata. It wilted at the slowest rate among the vegetables examined. Jute mallow had the lowest rate of pore closure. Although a gradual decrease in the size of the stomatal aperture was observed with time, the stomata did not close entirely even after 72 hours after harvest when the leaves were severely wilted. It shows that stomatal transpiration is significant in harvested leafy vegetables

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Claims 17

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Sweet potato leaves had the greatest number of stomata, followed by swamp cabbage and Malabar spinach.

Taxon
sweet potatoIpomoea batatase0
Outcome
greatest number of stomatae0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Ipomoea batatas
Ipomoea batatas · TaxonEarth100 · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“the greatest number of stomata was observed in sweet potato leaves, followed by swamp cabbage and Malabar spinach”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 27–140 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Jute mallow and amaranth had approximately six times fewer stomata than sweet potato.

Taxon
Jute mallow and amaranthe0
Outcome
stomatese0
Direction
lesse0
Value
approximately six timese0
Comparator
sweet potatoe0

Verbatim

e0

“Jute mallow and amaranth had approximately six times less stomates than sweet potato”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 142–226 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Stomatal density was highest at the apical portion of the leaf and decreased toward the base.

Taxon
leafy vegetablest0
Organ / stage
apical portion of the leafe0
Outcome
Stomatal densitye0
Direction
higheste0

Verbatim

e0

“Stomatal density was highest at the apical portion of the leaf decreasing towards the base”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 228–318 · show in text ↑
t0

“leafy vegetables”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 73–89 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

In jute mallow, stomatal count was almost the same throughout the leaf.

Taxon
jute mallowe0
Outcome
stomatal counte0
Direction
almost the samee0

Verbatim

e0

“except for jute mallow where stomatal count was almost the same throughout the leaf”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 319–402 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

An hour after harvest, stomatal aperture decreased in all the leafy vegetables.

Taxon
leafy vegetablest0
Outcome
stomatal aperturee0
Direction
decreasee0
Qualifier
An hour after harveste0

Verbatim

e0

“An hour after harvest, a decrease in the stomatal aperture was detected”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 404–475 · show in text ↑
t0

“leafy vegetables”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 73–89 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Slight wilting was apparent in all the vegetables an hour after harvest.

Taxon
leafy vegetablest0
Outcome
slight wiltinge0

Not reportedDirection

Verbatim

e0

“slight wilting was apparent in all the vegetables”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 480–529 · show in text ↑
t0

“leafy vegetables”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 73–89 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Within 12 hours after harvest the vegetables were unmarketable because of wilting.

Taxon
leafy vegetablest0
Outcome
unmarketable due to wiltinge0
Qualifier
In 12 hourse0

Not reportedDirection

Verbatim

e0

“In 12 hours, the vegetables were already unmarketable due to wilting”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 531–599 · show in text ↑
t0

“leafy vegetables”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 73–89 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The size of the stomatal aperture was directly related to the degree of wilting.

Taxon
leafy vegetablest0
Outcome
degree of wiltinge0
Direction
direct relationshipe0
Comparator
size of the aperturee0

Verbatim

e0

“There was a direct relationship between the size of the aperture and the degree of wilting”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 601–691 · show in text ↑
t0

“leafy vegetables”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 73–89 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

The stomatal pore of Malabar spinach decreased significantly in size within 6 hours after harvest.

Taxon
Malabar spinache0
Outcome
poree0
Direction
decreasede0
Qualifier
within 6 hourse0

Verbatim

e0

“The pore of the Malabar spinach significantly decreased in size within 6 hours and had the fastest rate of closure (20.48 percent per unit change in wilting index)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 693–856 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Malabar spinach had the fastest stomatal closure rate, 20.48 percent per unit change in wilting index.

Taxon
Malabar spinache0
Outcome
rate of closuree0
Direction
fasteste0
Value
20.48 percent per unit change in wilting indexe0

Verbatim

e0

“The pore of the Malabar spinach significantly decreased in size within 6 hours and had the fastest rate of closure (20.48 percent per unit change in wilting index)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 693–856 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The stomatal aperture of amaranth decreased at the fastest rate among the four vegetables.

Outcome
stomatal aperturee0
Direction
decreased at the fastest ratee0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Amaranthus caudatus
Amaranthus caudatus · TaxonTubifex · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The stomatal aperture of amaranth decreased at the fastest rate among the four vegetables”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1038–1127 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Amaranth had the least amount of stomata among the four vegetables.

Outcome
amount of stomatae0
Direction
leaste0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Amaranthus caudatus
Amaranthus caudatus · TaxonTubifex · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“amaranth decreased at the fastest rate among the four vegetables and it had the least amount of stomata”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1063–1166 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Amaranth wilted at the slowest rate among the vegetables examined.

Outcome
wiltede0
Direction
slowest ratee0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Amaranthus caudatus
Amaranthus caudatus · TaxonTubifex · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“amaranth decreased at the fastest rate among the four vegetables and it had the least amount of stomata. It wilted at the slowest rate among the vegetables examined”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1063–1227 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Jute mallow had the lowest rate of stomatal pore closure.

Taxon
Jute mallowe0
Outcome
rate of pore closuree0
Direction
loweste0

Verbatim

e0

“Jute mallow had the lowest rate of pore closure”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1229–1276 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Stomata did not close entirely even 72 hours after harvest, when the leaves were severely wilted.

Taxon
leafy vegetablest0
Outcome
stomata did not close entirelye0
Qualifier
even after 72 hours after harveste0

Not reportedDirection

Verbatim

e0

“the stomata did not close entirely even after 72 hours after harvest when the leaves were severely wilted”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1367–1472 · show in text ↑
t0

“leafy vegetables”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 73–89 · show in text ↑
Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultbasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Stomatal transpiration is significant in harvested leafy vegetables.

Taxon
leafy vegetablese0
Outcome
stomatal transpiratione0
Qualifier
significant in harvested leafy vegetablese0

Verbatim

e0

“stomatal transpiration is significant in harvested leafy vegetables”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1488–1555 · show in text ↑
Mechanismhypothesisoriginal resultbasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

The slow transpiration of Malabar spinach could also be attributed to its waxy and thick leaves.

Outcome
slow transpiratione0
Qualifier
waxy and thick leavese0

Not reportedTaxon

Verbatim

e0

“the slow transpiration could also be attributed to its waxy and thick leaves”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 895–971 · show in text ↑