Abstract
Abstract Salt‐affected farmlands are increasingly burdened by chlorides, carbonates, and sulfates of sodium, calcium, and magnesium. Intriguingly, the underlying physiological processes are studied almost always under NaCl stress. Two faba bean cultivars were subjected to low‐ and high‐salt treatments of NaCl, Na 2 SO 4 , and KCl. Assimilation rate and leaf water vapor conductance were reduced to approximately 25–30% without biomass reduction after 7 days salt stress, but this did not cause severe carbon shortage. The equimolar treatments of Na + , K + , and Cl − showed comparable accumulation patterns in leaves and roots, except for SO 4 2− which did not accumulate. To gain a detailed understanding of the effects caused by the tested ion combinations, we performed nontargeted gas chromatography–mass spectrometry‐based metabolite profiling. Metabolic responses to various salts were in part highly linearly correlated, but only a few metabolite responses were common to all salts and in both cultivars. At high salt concentrations, only myo ‐inositol, allantoin, and glycerophosphoglycerol were highly significantly increased in roots under all tested conditions. We discovered several metabolic responses that were preferentially associated with the presence of Na + , K + , or Cl − . For example, increases of leaf proline and decreases of leaf fumaric acid and malic acid were apparently associated with Cl − accumulation.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress reduced assimilation rate and leaf water vapor conductance to approximately 25–30% after 7 days.
- Taxon
- Vicia faba L.
Vicia fabat0 - Organ / stage
- leafe0
- Treatment
- salt stresse0
- Outcome
- Assimilation rate and leaf water vapor conductancee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- approximately 25–30%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Assimilation rate and leaf water vapor conductance were reduced to approximately 25–30% without biomass reduction after 7 days salt stress”
t0“Vicia faba L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress did not reduce biomass after 7 days.
- Taxon
- Vicia faba L.Vicia fabat0
- Treatment
- salt stresse0
- Outcome
- biomasse0
- Direction
- without biomass reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“without biomass reduction after 7 days salt stress”
t0“Vicia faba L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress did not cause severe carbon shortage.
- Taxon
- Vicia faba L.Vicia fabat0
- Outcome
- did not cause severe carbon shortagee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but this did not cause severe carbon shortage”
t0“Vicia faba L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Equimolar Na+, K+, and Cl− treatments showed comparable accumulation in leaves and roots.
- Taxon
- Vicia faba L.Vicia fabat0
- Treatment
- equimolar treatments of Na + , K + , and Cl −e0
- Outcome
- accumulation patterns in leaves and rootse0
- Direction
- comparablee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The equimolar treatments of Na + , K + , and Cl − showed comparable accumulation patterns in leaves and roots”
t0“Vicia faba L.”
Claim · model-written summary
SO4 2− did not accumulate.
- Taxon
- Vicia faba L.Vicia fabat0
- Outcome
- SO 4 2−e0
- Direction
- did not accumulatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“except for SO 4 2− which did not accumulate”
t0“Vicia faba L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Metabolic responses to different salts were partly highly linearly correlated.
- Taxon
- Vicia faba L.Vicia fabat0
- Treatment
- various saltse0
- Outcome
- Metabolic responsese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Metabolic responses to various salts were in part highly linearly correlated”
t0“Vicia faba L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Only a few metabolite responses were common to all salts and both cultivars.
- Taxon
- Vicia faba L.Vicia fabat0
- Outcome
- metabolite responsese0
- Qualifier
- all salts and in both cultivarse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“only a few metabolite responses were common to all salts and in both cultivars”
t0“Vicia faba L.”
Claim · model-written summary
myo ‐inositol increased significantly in roots under all tested high salt conditions.
- Taxon
- Vicia faba L.Vicia fabat0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- high salt concentrationse0
- Outcome
- myo ‐inositole0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- under all tested conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At high salt concentrations, only myo ‐inositol, allantoin, and glycerophosphoglycerol were highly significantly increased in roots under all tested conditions”
t0“Vicia faba L.”
Claim · model-written summary
allantoin increased significantly in roots under all tested high salt conditions.
- Taxon
- Vicia faba L.Vicia fabat0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- high salt concentrationse0
- Outcome
- allantoine0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- under all tested conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At high salt concentrations, only myo ‐inositol, allantoin, and glycerophosphoglycerol were highly significantly increased in roots under all tested conditions”
t0“Vicia faba L.”
Claim · model-written summary
glycerophosphoglycerol increased significantly in roots under all tested high salt conditions.
- Taxon
- Vicia faba L.Vicia fabat0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- high salt concentrationse0
- Outcome
- glycerophosphoglycerole0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- under all tested conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At high salt concentrations, only myo ‐inositol, allantoin, and glycerophosphoglycerol were highly significantly increased in roots under all tested conditions”
t0“Vicia faba L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Several metabolic responses were preferentially associated with Na+, K+, or Cl−.
- Taxon
- Vicia faba L.Vicia fabat0
- Compound
- Na + , K + , or Cl −e0
- Outcome
- metabolic responsese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We discovered several metabolic responses that were preferentially associated with the presence of Na + , K + , or Cl −”
t0“Vicia faba L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf proline increased in association with Cl− accumulation.
- Taxon
- Vicia faba L.Vicia fabat0
- Compound
- Cl −e0
- Outcome
- leaf prolinee0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Qualifier
- apparentlye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increases of leaf proline and decreases of leaf fumaric acid and malic acid were apparently associated with Cl − accumulation”
t0“Vicia faba L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf fumaric acid decreased in association with Cl− accumulation.
- Taxon
- Vicia faba L.Vicia fabat0
- Compound
- Cl −e0
- Outcome
- leaf fumaric acide0
- Direction
- decreasese0
- Qualifier
- apparentlye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increases of leaf proline and decreases of leaf fumaric acid and malic acid were apparently associated with Cl − accumulation”
t0“Vicia faba L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf malic acid decreased in association with Cl− accumulation.
- Taxon
- Vicia faba L.Vicia fabat0
- Compound
- Cl −e0
- Outcome
- malic acide0
- Direction
- decreasese0
- Qualifier
- apparentlye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increases of leaf proline and decreases of leaf fumaric acid and malic acid were apparently associated with Cl − accumulation”
t0“Vicia faba L.”
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See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.