Abstract
Abstract δ ‐aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) is an important enzyme in tetrapyrrole synthesis. ALAD combines two δ ‐aminolevulinic acid ( δ ‐ALA) molecules to form the pyrrole molecule, porphobilinogen, an important precursor for plant pigments involved in photosynthesis, respiration, and nutrient uptake. In this study, we investigated the effects of silencing of ALAD gene on citrus leaf pigments and metabolites. The ALAD enzyme was inhibited using virus‐induced gene silencing (VIGS) technology using citrus tristeza virus (CTV). δ ‐ALA accumulated in citrus plants inoculated with the recombinant virus (CTV‐tALAD) to silence ALAD and resulted in discrete yellow spots (yellow islands) and necrosis in leaves and stems. The levels of chlorophylls, starch, sucrose, trans ‐ and cis ‐violaxanthin, and α ‐ and β ‐cryptoxanthin were reduced in CTV‐tALAD plants, whereas zeaxanthin was increased. The increase in zeaxanthin and the decrease in its precursors indicated that the reduction in chlorophylls resulted in light damage. Salicylic acid and jasmonic acid levels, as well as emission of ( E )‐ α ‐bergamotene and ( E )‐ β ‐farnesene, increased in CTV‐tALAD plants indicating these plants were under stress. Our results showed that silencing of ALAD induces stress in plants and that VIGS using mild CTV strains is a promising technique to study biological function of citrus genes.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Delta-aminolevulinic acid accumulated in citrus plants inoculated with the recombinant virus CTV-tALAD that silences ALAD.
CitrusNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“δ ‐ALA accumulated in citrus plants inoculated with the recombinant virus (CTV‐tALAD) to silence ALAD”
Claim · model-written summary
CTV-tALAD plants developed discrete yellow spots (yellow islands) and necrosis in leaves and stems.
- Treatment
- inoculated with the recombinant virus (CTV‐tALAD)e0
- Outcome
- discrete yellow spots (yellow islands) and necrosis in leaves and stemse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“δ ‐ALA accumulated in citrus plants inoculated with the recombinant virus (CTV‐tALAD) to silence ALAD and resulted in discrete yellow spots (yellow islands) and necrosis in leaves and stems”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors interpret the increased zeaxanthin and decreased precursors as showing that the chlorophyll reduction resulted in light damage.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“of citrus”
e0“The increase in zeaxanthin and the decrease in its precursors indicated that the reduction in chlorophylls resulted in light damage”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that silencing of ALAD induces stress in plants.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“of citrus”
e0“silencing of ALAD induces stress in plants”
Claim · model-written summary
VIGS using mild CTV strains is proposed as a promising technique to study the biological function of citrus genes.
- Outcome
- promising technique to study biological function of citrus genese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“VIGS using mild CTV strains is a promising technique to study biological function of citrus genes”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · disease · CitrusPositive and negative results
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