Abstract
Zeolite-clinoptilolite is a hydrated aluminosilicate, which belongs to a group of minerals of volcanic origin and possesses interesting agricultural properties. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of zeolite-clinoptilolite on Solanum lycopersicum Mill. seedling growth, when supplied to substrate in pot culture. An assay was set to test and compare the physical properties of three substrates: peat moss (pm), perlite (per) and zeolite (zeo), and their mixtures (pm:per:zeo) at different proportions: T1 or control = 100:0:0; T2 = 70:30:0; T3 = 70:20:10; T4 = 70:10:20 and T5 = 70:0:30 (v/v). Compared to control plants, substrates containing 30% zeolite increased their water holding capacity (260%), total porosity (8.47%), bulk density (212%) and particle density (230%). Related to control plants grown with 100% peat moss, tomato seedlings cultured in a substrate mixture with 30% zeolite significantly improved shoot length (24.2%), leaf area (64.5%), root length (63.2%), shoot dry weight (62.5%), root dry biomass (208.9%), stem diameter (28.5%) and leaves number (92%), however, the chlorophyll index had no significant effects. The overall outcomes indicated that substrates amendment with zeolite could effectively improve tomato plants growth.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Substrates containing 30% zeolite increased water holding capacity by 260% compared with control plants grown in 100% peat moss.
- Taxon
- Solanum lycopersicum
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- substrates containing 30% zeolitee1
- Outcome
- water holding capacitye1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 260%e1
- Comparator
- control plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Compared to control plants, substrates containing 30% zeolite increased their water holding capacity (260%), total porosity (8.47%), bulk density (212%) and particle density (230%)”
t0“Solanum lycopersicum Mill”
Claim · model-written summary
Substrates containing 30% zeolite increased total porosity by 8.47% compared with control plants grown in 100% peat moss.
- Taxon
- Solanum lycopersicumSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- substrates containing 30% zeolitee1
- Outcome
- total porositye1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 8.47%e1
- Comparator
- control plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Compared to control plants, substrates containing 30% zeolite increased their water holding capacity (260%), total porosity (8.47%), bulk density (212%) and particle density (230%)”
t0“Solanum lycopersicum Mill”
Claim · model-written summary
Substrates containing 30% zeolite increased bulk density by 212% compared with control plants grown in 100% peat moss.
- Taxon
- Solanum lycopersicumSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- substrates containing 30% zeolitee1
- Outcome
- bulk densitye1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 212%e1
- Comparator
- control plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Compared to control plants, substrates containing 30% zeolite increased their water holding capacity (260%), total porosity (8.47%), bulk density (212%) and particle density (230%)”
t0“Solanum lycopersicum Mill”
Claim · model-written summary
Substrates containing 30% zeolite increased particle density by 230% compared with control plants grown in 100% peat moss.
- Taxon
- Solanum lycopersicumSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- substrates containing 30% zeolitee1
- Outcome
- particle densitye1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 230%e1
- Comparator
- control plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Compared to control plants, substrates containing 30% zeolite increased their water holding capacity (260%), total porosity (8.47%), bulk density (212%) and particle density (230%)”
t0“Solanum lycopersicum Mill”
Claim · model-written summary
Substrate mixture with 30% zeolite significantly improved tomato shoot length (24.2%) compared with control plants grown in 100% peat moss.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- substrate mixture with 30% zeolitee1
- Outcome
- shoot lengthe2
- Direction
- improvede1
- Value
- 24.2%e2
- Comparator
- control plants grown with 100% peat mosse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Related to control plants grown with 100% peat moss, tomato seedlings cultured in a substrate mixture with 30% zeolite significantly improved”
e2“shoot length (24.2%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Substrate mixture with 30% zeolite significantly improved tomato leaf area (64.5%) compared with control plants grown in 100% peat moss.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- substrate mixture with 30% zeolitee1
- Outcome
- leaf areae2
- Direction
- improvede1
- Value
- 64.5%e2
- Comparator
- control plants grown with 100% peat mosse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Related to control plants grown with 100% peat moss, tomato seedlings cultured in a substrate mixture with 30% zeolite significantly improved”
e2“leaf area (64.5%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Substrate mixture with 30% zeolite significantly improved tomato root length (63.2%) compared with control plants grown in 100% peat moss.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- substrate mixture with 30% zeolitee1
- Outcome
- root lengthe2
- Direction
- improvede1
- Value
- 63.2%e2
- Comparator
- control plants grown with 100% peat mosse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Related to control plants grown with 100% peat moss, tomato seedlings cultured in a substrate mixture with 30% zeolite significantly improved”
e2“root length (63.2%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Substrate mixture with 30% zeolite significantly improved tomato shoot dry weight (62.5%) compared with control plants grown in 100% peat moss.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- substrate mixture with 30% zeolitee1
- Outcome
- shoot dry weighte2
- Direction
- improvede1
- Value
- 62.5%e2
- Comparator
- control plants grown with 100% peat mosse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Related to control plants grown with 100% peat moss, tomato seedlings cultured in a substrate mixture with 30% zeolite significantly improved”
e2“shoot dry weight (62.5%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Substrate mixture with 30% zeolite significantly improved tomato root dry biomass (208.9%) compared with control plants grown in 100% peat moss.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- substrate mixture with 30% zeolitee1
- Outcome
- root dry biomasse2
- Direction
- improvede1
- Value
- 208.9%e2
- Comparator
- control plants grown with 100% peat mosse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Related to control plants grown with 100% peat moss, tomato seedlings cultured in a substrate mixture with 30% zeolite significantly improved”
e2“root dry biomass (208.9%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Substrate mixture with 30% zeolite significantly improved tomato stem diameter (28.5%) compared with control plants grown in 100% peat moss.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- substrate mixture with 30% zeolitee1
- Outcome
- stem diametere2
- Direction
- improvede1
- Value
- 28.5%e2
- Comparator
- control plants grown with 100% peat mosse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Related to control plants grown with 100% peat moss, tomato seedlings cultured in a substrate mixture with 30% zeolite significantly improved”
e2“stem diameter (28.5%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Substrate mixture with 30% zeolite significantly improved tomato leaves number (92%) compared with control plants grown in 100% peat moss.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- substrate mixture with 30% zeolitee1
- Outcome
- leaves numbere2
- Direction
- improvede1
- Value
- 92%e2
- Comparator
- control plants grown with 100% peat mosse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Related to control plants grown with 100% peat moss, tomato seedlings cultured in a substrate mixture with 30% zeolite significantly improved”
e2“leaves number (92%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorophyll index was not significantly affected by the 30% zeolite substrate mixture compared with control plants.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- substrate mixture with 30% zeolitee1
- Outcome
- chlorophyll indexe3
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede3
- Comparator
- control plants grown with 100% peat mosse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Related to control plants grown with 100% peat moss, tomato seedlings cultured in a substrate mixture with 30% zeolite significantly improved”
e3“the chlorophyll index had no significant effects”
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