Abstract
An approach to manage seed-transmitted Fusarium crown-foot-root rot (FCR, Fusarium spp.) and common root rot (CRR, Bipolaris sorokiniana) on wheat, avoiding environmental risks of chemicals, is seed treatments with microbial metabolites. F. sambucinum strain FS-94 that induces resistance to tomato wilt was shown by this study to be a source of non-fungitoxic wheat-protecting metabolites, which were contained in a mycelium extract purified by gel-chromatography and ultrafiltration. Plant-protecting effect of the purified mycelial extract (PME) was demonstrated in vegetation experiments using a rolled-towel assay and by small-plot field trials. To elucidate mechanisms putatively underlying PME protective activity, tests with cultured Triticum aestivum and T. kiharae cells, particularly the extracellular alkalinization assay, as well as gene expression analysis in germinated wheat seeds were used. Pre-inoculation treatments of seeds with PME significantly decreased the incidence (from 30 to 40%) and severity (from 37 to 50%) of root rots on seedlings without any inhibition of the seed germination and potentiation of deoxynivalenol (DON), DON monoacetylated derivatives and zearalenon production in FCR agents. In vegetation experiments, reductions in the DON production were observed with doses of 0.5 and 1 mg/mL of PME. Pre-sowing PME application on seeds of two spring wheat cultivars naturally infected with FCR and CRR provided the mitigation of both diseases under field conditions during four growing seasons (2013–2016). PME-induced ion exchange response in cultured wheat cells, their increased survivability, and up-regulated expression of some defensins’ genes in PME-exposed seedlings allow the suggestion of the plant-mediated character of disease-controlling effect observed in field.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Pre-inoculation seed treatment with PME significantly decreased root rot incidence (from 30 to 40%) on seedlings.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- Pre-inoculation treatments of seeds with PMEe1
- Outcome
- incidencee1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Value
- from 30 to 40%e1
- Qualifier
- root rots on seedlingse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Can Protect Wheat against Fusarium and Common Root Rots”
e1“Pre-inoculation treatments of seeds with PME significantly decreased the incidence (from 30 to 40%) and severity (from 37 to 50%) of root rots on seedlings without any inhibition of the seed germination and potentiation of deoxynivalenol (DON), DON monoacetylated derivatives and zearalenon production in FCR agents”
Claim · model-written summary
Pre-inoculation seed treatment with PME significantly decreased root rot severity (from 37 to 50%) on seedlings.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Pre-inoculation treatments of seeds with PMEe1
- Outcome
- severitye1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Value
- from 37 to 50%e1
- Qualifier
- root rots on seedlingse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Can Protect Wheat against Fusarium and Common Root Rots”
e1“Pre-inoculation treatments of seeds with PME significantly decreased the incidence (from 30 to 40%) and severity (from 37 to 50%) of root rots on seedlings without any inhibition of the seed germination and potentiation of deoxynivalenol (DON), DON monoacetylated derivatives and zearalenon production in FCR agents”
Claim · model-written summary
Pre-inoculation seed treatment with PME did not inhibit seed germination.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Pre-inoculation treatments of seeds with PMEe1
- Outcome
- seed germinatione1
- Direction
- without any inhibitione1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Can Protect Wheat against Fusarium and Common Root Rots”
e1“Pre-inoculation treatments of seeds with PME significantly decreased the incidence (from 30 to 40%) and severity (from 37 to 50%) of root rots on seedlings without any inhibition of the seed germination and potentiation of deoxynivalenol (DON), DON monoacetylated derivatives and zearalenon production in FCR agents”
Claim · model-written summary
PME did not potentiate deoxynivalenol, DON monoacetylated derivatives or zearalenon production by the FCR agents.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- PMEe1
- Interactor
- FCR agentse1pathogen
- Outcome
- deoxynivalenol (DON), DON monoacetylated derivatives and zearalenon productione1
- Direction
- potentiatione1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Can Protect Wheat against Fusarium and Common Root Rots”
e1“Pre-inoculation treatments of seeds with PME significantly decreased the incidence (from 30 to 40%) and severity (from 37 to 50%) of root rots on seedlings without any inhibition of the seed germination and potentiation of deoxynivalenol (DON), DON monoacetylated derivatives and zearalenon production in FCR agents”
Claim · model-written summary
PME at 0.5 and 1 mg/mL reduced DON production in vegetation experiments.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- doses of 0.5 and 1 mg/mL of PMEe2
- Outcome
- DON productione2
- Direction
- reductionse2
- Value
- 0.5 and 1 mg/mLe2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Can Protect Wheat against Fusarium and Common Root Rots”
e2“In vegetation experiments, reductions in the DON production were observed with doses of 0.5 and 1 mg/mL of PME”
Claim · model-written summary
PME applied to seeds of two spring wheat cultivars provided mitigation of both diseases in field trials over four seasons.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivume3
- Material
- two spring wheat cultivarse3
- Treatment
- Pre-sowing PME application on seedse3
- Outcome
- mitigation of both diseasese3
- Direction
- provided the mitigatione3
- Qualifier
- during four growing seasons (2013–2016)e3
- Setting
- field conditionse3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Can Protect Wheat against Fusarium and Common Root Rots”
e3“Pre-sowing PME application on seeds of two spring wheat cultivars naturally infected with FCR and CRR provided the mitigation of both diseases under field conditions during four growing seasons (2013–2016)”
Claim · model-written summary
PME induced an ion exchange response in cultured wheat cells.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- cultured wheat cellse4
- Treatment
- PMEe4
- Outcome
- ion exchange responsee4
- Direction
- inducede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Can Protect Wheat against Fusarium and Common Root Rots”
e4“PME-induced ion exchange response in cultured wheat cells, their increased survivability, and up-regulated expression of some defensins’ genes in PME-exposed seedlings allow the suggestion of the plant-mediated character of disease-controlling effect observed in field”
Claim · model-written summary
PME increased the survivability of cultured wheat cells.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- cultured wheat cellse4
- Treatment
- PMEe4
- Outcome
- survivabilitye4
- Direction
- increasede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Can Protect Wheat against Fusarium and Common Root Rots”
e4“PME-induced ion exchange response in cultured wheat cells, their increased survivability, and up-regulated expression of some defensins’ genes in PME-exposed seedlings allow the suggestion of the plant-mediated character of disease-controlling effect observed in field”
Claim · model-written summary
PME-exposed wheat seedlings showed up-regulated expression of some defensins genes.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- seedlingse4
- Treatment
- PME-exposede4
- Gene
- defensinse4
- Outcome
- expressione4
- Direction
- up-regulatede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Can Protect Wheat against Fusarium and Common Root Rots”
e4“PME-induced ion exchange response in cultured wheat cells, their increased survivability, and up-regulated expression of some defensins’ genes in PME-exposed seedlings allow the suggestion of the plant-mediated character of disease-controlling effect observed in field”
Claim · model-written summary
The disease-controlling effect of PME is suggested to be plant-mediated.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- disease-controlling effecte4
- Qualifier
- plant-mediated charactere4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Can Protect Wheat against Fusarium and Common Root Rots”
e4“PME-induced ion exchange response in cultured wheat cells, their increased survivability, and up-regulated expression of some defensins’ genes in PME-exposed seedlings allow the suggestion of the plant-mediated character of disease-controlling effect observed in field”
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