Abstract
A study was carried out to assess the protective effects of exogenously applied nitric oxide (NO) in the form of its donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) to strawberry seedlings ( Fragaria × ananassa cv. Camarosa) grown under iron deficiency (ID), salinity stress or combination of both. The experimental design contained control, 0.1 mM FeSO 4 (ID, Fe deficiency); 50 mM NaCl (S, Salinity) and ID + S. Plants were sprayed with 0.1 mM SNP or 0.1 mM sodium ferrocyanide, an analogue of SNP containing no NO. The deleterious effects of ID + S treatments on plant fresh and dry matters, total chlorophyll and chlorophyll fluorescence were more striking than those caused by the ID or S treatment alone. Furthermore, combination of salinity and iron stress exacerbated electrolyte leakage (EL) and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) in plant leaves compared to those in plants grown with either of the single stresses. NO treatment effectively reduced EL, MDA and H 2 O 2 in plants grown under stress conditions applied singly or in combination. Salt stress alone and with ID reduced the superoxide dismutase (EC1.15.1.1) and catalase (EC 1.11.1.6) activities but increased that of POD (EC 1.17.1.7). Exogenously applied NO led to significant changes in antioxidant enzyme activities in either ID or S than those by ID+S. Overall, exogenously applied NO was more effective in mitigating the stress‐induced adverse effects on the strawberry plants exposed to a single stress than those due to the combination of both stresses.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Combined iron deficiency and salinity more strongly reduced fresh and dry matter and total chlorophyll of strawberry than either stress alone.
- Taxon
- strawberry
_single2.jpg?width=60)
Fragaria ×ananassat0 - Treatment
- ID + S treatmentse1
- Outcome
- fresh and dry matters, total chlorophylle1
- Direction
- more strikinge1
- Comparator
- ID or S treatment alonee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_single2.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) plants”
e1“The deleterious effects of ID + S treatments on plant fresh and dry matters, total chlorophyll and chlorophyll fluorescence were more striking than those caused by the ID or S treatment alone”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined iron deficiency and salinity more strongly reduced chlorophyll fluorescence of strawberry than either stress alone.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- ID + S treatmentse1
- Outcome
- chlorophyll fluorescencee1
- Direction
- more strikinge1
- Comparator
- ID or S treatment alonee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) plants”
e1“The deleterious effects of ID + S treatments on plant fresh and dry matters, total chlorophyll and chlorophyll fluorescence were more striking than those caused by the ID or S treatment alone”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined salinity and iron stress exacerbated electrolyte leakage in strawberry leaves compared with single stresses.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- combination of salinity and iron stresse1
- Outcome
- electrolyte leakage (EL)e1
- Direction
- exacerbatede1
- Comparator
- either of the single stressese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) plants”
e1“combination of salinity and iron stress exacerbated electrolyte leakage (EL) and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) in plant leaves compared to those in plants grown with either of the single stresses”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined salinity and iron stress exacerbated malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide levels in strawberry leaves compared with single stresses.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- combination of salinity and iron stresse1
- Outcome
- malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxidee1
- Direction
- exacerbatede1
- Comparator
- either of the single stressese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) plants”
e1“combination of salinity and iron stress exacerbated electrolyte leakage (EL) and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) in plant leaves compared to those in plants grown with either of the single stresses”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitric oxide treatment reduced electrolyte leakage, MDA and H2O2 in strawberry under single or combined stress.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- NO treatmente1
- Outcome
- EL, MDA and H 2 O 2e1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Comparator
- plants grown under stress conditionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) plants”
e1“NO treatment effectively reduced EL, MDA and H 2 O 2 in plants grown under stress conditions applied singly or in combination”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress alone and with iron deficiency reduced superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in strawberry.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- Salt stress alone and with IDe1
- Gene
- superoxide dismutase (EC1.15.1.1)e1
- Outcome
- superoxide dismutase (EC1.15.1.1) and catalase (EC 1.11.1.6) activitiese1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) plants”
e1“Salt stress alone and with ID reduced the superoxide dismutase (EC1.15.1.1) and catalase (EC 1.11.1.6) activities but increased that of POD (EC 1.17.1.7)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress alone and with iron deficiency increased peroxidase (POD) activity in strawberry.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- Salt stress alone and with IDe1
- Outcome
- POD (EC 1.17.1.7)e1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) plants”
e1“Salt stress alone and with ID reduced the superoxide dismutase (EC1.15.1.1) and catalase (EC 1.11.1.6) activities but increased that of POD (EC 1.17.1.7)”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous nitric oxide significantly changed antioxidant enzyme activities more under single stress than under combined stress.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- Exogenously applied NOe1
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzyme activitiese1
- Direction
- significant changese1
- Qualifier
- in either ID or Se1
- Comparator
- ID+Se1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) plants”
e1“Exogenously applied NO led to significant changes in antioxidant enzyme activities in either ID or S than those by ID+S”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous nitric oxide was more effective in mitigating adverse effects of a single stress than of combined stress in strawberry.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- exogenously applied NOe1
- Outcome
- adverse effectse2
- Direction
- more effectivee1
- Comparator
- combination of both stressese3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) plants”
e1“exogenously applied NO was more effective”
e2“adverse effects on the strawberry plants exposed to a single stress”
e3“than those due to the combination of both stresses”
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See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.