Abstract
The use of sewage sludge in agriculture is being considered as one of the method for recycling of waste in an environmental beneficial manner. Sewage sludge, due to its acidic nature, high organic matter and heavy metals content, had more impact on soil properties. To study the changes in the selected physical and biological properties and accumulation and mobility of heavy metals due to continuous use of sewage sludge, a field experiment was started in year 2000 to evaluate the long-term effect of sewage sludge with or without farmyard manure under pearlmillet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) (cv. GHB-526) and Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czernj and Cosson) (cv. GM-2) crops sequence. The sewage sludge @10 and 20 tonnes/ha, farmyard manure @ 10 tonnes/ha and farmyard manure + sewage sludge @ 10+2.5, 10+5 and 10+10 tonnes/ha were applied to pearlmillet in kharif for direct effect and their residual effect was studied on Indian mustard during rabi in randomized block design keeping three replications. Use of sewage sludge increased the heavy metal contents in surface soil as well as plant. The DTPA-extractable heavy metals were higher in sewage sludge than farmyard manure + sewage sludge or farmyard manure treated soil. The farmyard manure + sewage sludge application reduced bulk density and increased saturated hydraulic conductivity, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) and dehydrogenase activity (DHA) significantly. The microbial activity was decreased by sewage sludge alone compared to farmyard manure + sewage sludge or farmyard manure. The farmyard manure and sewage sludge applications were also found beneficial in increasing yield and quality of grain as direct effect on pearlmillet and as residual effect on succeeding Indian mustard. Application of farmyard manure together with sewage sludge exhibited mitigating effect by lowering the contents of trace and heavy metals in both the crops.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Sewage sludge increased heavy-metal contents in surface soil and plants.
- Taxon
- pearlmillet
Cenchrus americanuse1 - Treatment
- sewage sludgee0
- Outcome
- heavy metal contents in surface soil as well as plante0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Use of sewage sludge increased the heavy metal contents in surface soil as well as plant.”
e1“pearlmillet (Pennisetum glaucum L.)”
e2“Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czernj and Cosson)”
Claim · model-written summary
DTPA-extractable heavy metals were higher in sewage-sludge soil than combined farmyard-manure and sludge soil.
Verbatim
e0“The DTPA-extractable heavy metals were higher in sewage sludge than farmyard manure + sewage sludge or farmyard manure treated soil.”
t0“mustard”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined farmyard manure and sewage sludge significantly reduced soil bulk density.
- Taxon
- mustardt0
- Treatment
- farmyard manure + sewage sludge applicatione0
- Outcome
- bulk densitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“mustard”
e0“The farmyard manure + sewage sludge application reduced bulk density and increased saturated hydraulic conductivity, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) and dehydrogenase activity (DHA) significantly.”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined farmyard manure and sewage sludge significantly increased saturated hydraulic conductivity.
- Taxon
- mustardt0
- Treatment
- farmyard manure + sewage sludge applicatione0
- Outcome
- saturated hydraulic conductivitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“mustard”
e0“The farmyard manure + sewage sludge application reduced bulk density and increased saturated hydraulic conductivity, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) and dehydrogenase activity (DHA) significantly.”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined farmyard manure and sewage sludge significantly increased soil microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen, and dehydrogenase activity.
- Taxon
- mustardt0
- Treatment
- farmyard manure + sewage sludge applicatione0
- Outcome
- microbial biomass carbon (MBC), microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) and dehydrogenase activity (DHA)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“mustard”
e0“The farmyard manure + sewage sludge application reduced bulk density and increased saturated hydraulic conductivity, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) and dehydrogenase activity (DHA) significantly.”
Claim · model-written summary
Sewage sludge alone decreased microbial activity versus combined application or farmyard manure.
Verbatim
t0“mustard”
e0“The microbial activity was decreased by sewage sludge alone compared to farmyard manure + sewage sludge or farmyard manure.”
Claim · model-written summary
Farmyard manure and sewage sludge increased pearlmillet grain yield and quality directly.
- Taxon
- pearlmilletCenchrus americanuse0
- Treatment
- farmyard manure and sewage sludge applicationse0
- Outcome
- yield and quality of graine0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The farmyard manure and sewage sludge applications were also found beneficial in increasing yield and quality of grain as direct effect on pearlmillet”
Claim · model-written summary
Farmyard manure and sewage sludge increased succeeding Indian mustard grain yield and quality through residual effects.
- Taxon
- Indian mustard
Brassica junceae0 - Treatment
- farmyard manure and sewage sludge applicationse0
- Outcome
- yield and quality of graine0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Qualifier
- residual effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The farmyard manure and sewage sludge applications were also found beneficial in increasing yield and quality of grain as direct effect on pearlmillet and as residual effect on succeeding Indian mustard.”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined manure and sludge lowered trace and heavy metals in pearlmillet.
- Taxon
- pearlmilletCenchrus americanuse1
- Treatment
- farmyard manure together with sewage sludgee0
- Outcome
- contents of trace and heavy metalse0
- Direction
- loweringe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of farmyard manure together with sewage sludge exhibited mitigating effect by lowering the contents of trace and heavy metals in both the crops.”
e1“as direct effect on pearlmillet”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined manure and sludge lowered trace and heavy metals in Indian mustard.
- Taxon
- Indian mustardBrassica junceae1
- Treatment
- farmyard manure together with sewage sludgee0
- Outcome
- contents of trace and heavy metalse0
- Direction
- loweringe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of farmyard manure together with sewage sludge exhibited mitigating effect by lowering the contents of trace and heavy metals in both the crops.”
e1“residual effect on succeeding Indian mustard.”
The same questions in other papers
fertilization · quality: general · Brassica juncea (Indian mustard)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
fertilization · quality: general · Cenchrus americanus (pearl millet)Results agree
8 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.