Abstract
Abstract The responses of metabolic networks to mineral deficiency are poorly understood. Here, we conducted a detailed, broad‐scale analysis of macronutrient concentrations and metabolic changes in the shoots and roots of cabbage ( Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis ) plants in response to N, P, K, Ca, and Mg deficiency in nutrient solution. To standardize individual macronutrient‐deficient treatments, the concentrations of the other nutrients were maintained via substitution with other ions. Individual nutrient deficiencies had various effects on the uptake and accumulation of other mineral nutrients. Phosphorus deficiency had relatively little effect on other mineral nutrient levels compared to the other treatments. Cation deficiency had little effect on N and P concentrations but had a somewhat negative effect on the uptake or concentrations of the other nutrients. Primary metabolic pathways, such as energy production and amino acid metabolism, were greatly affected by mineral nutrient deficiency. Compared to the control treatment, soluble sugar levels increased under –N conditions and decreased under –Ca and –Mg conditions. The levels of several organic acids involved in glycolysis and the TCA cycle decreased in response to –N, –P, or –K treatment. The levels of most amino acids decreased under ‐ N treatment but increased under –P, –K, –Ca, or –Mg treatment. Mineral depletion also led to the activation of alternative biochemical pathways resulting in the production of secondary metabolites such as quinate. Notable changes in metabolic pathways under macronutrient deficiency included (1) a quantitative increase in amino acid levels in response to Mg deficiency, likely because the restriction of various pathways led to an increase in protein production and (2) a marked increase in the levels of quinate, a precursor of the shikimate pathway, following cation (K, Ca, and Mg) deficiency. These findings provide new insights into metabolic changes in cabbage in response to mineral deficiency and pave the way for studying the effects of the simultaneous deficiency of more than one macronutrient on this crop.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorus deficiency had relatively little effect on other mineral nutrient levels.
- Taxon
- cabbage
Brassica oleracea var. capitatat0 - Treatment
- Phosphorus deficiencye0
- Outcome
- other mineral nutrient levelse0
- Direction
- little effecte0
- Comparator
- other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phosphorus deficiency had relatively little effect on other mineral nutrient levels compared to the other treatments.”
t0“cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
Cation deficiency had little effect on nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatat0
- Treatment
- Cation deficiencye0
- Outcome
- N and P concentrationse0
- Direction
- little effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cation deficiency had little effect on N and P concentrations but had a somewhat negative effect on the uptake or concentrations of the other nutrients.”
t0“cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
Cation deficiency negatively affected uptake or concentrations of other nutrients.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatat0
- Treatment
- Cation deficiencye0
- Outcome
- uptake or concentrations of the other nutrientse0
- Direction
- negative effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cation deficiency had little effect on N and P concentrations but had a somewhat negative effect on the uptake or concentrations of the other nutrients.”
t0“cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
Mineral nutrient deficiency greatly affected energy production and amino acid metabolism.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatat0
- Treatment
- mineral nutrient deficiencye0
- Outcome
- energy production and amino acid metabolisme0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Primary metabolic pathways, such as energy production and amino acid metabolism, were greatly affected by mineral nutrient deficiency.”
t0“cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen deficiency increased soluble sugar levels relative to control.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatat0
- Treatment
- –N conditionse0
- Outcome
- soluble sugar levelse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to the control treatment, soluble sugar levels increased under –N conditions and decreased under –Ca and –Mg conditions.”
t0“cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium deficiency decreased soluble sugar levels relative to control.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatat0
- Treatment
- –Cae0
- Outcome
- soluble sugar levelse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to the control treatment, soluble sugar levels increased under –N conditions and decreased under –Ca and –Mg conditions.”
t0“cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
Magnesium deficiency decreased soluble sugar levels relative to control.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatat0
- Treatment
- –Mg conditionse0
- Outcome
- soluble sugar levelse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to the control treatment, soluble sugar levels increased under –N conditions and decreased under –Ca and –Mg conditions.”
t0“cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen deficiency decreased several glycolysis and TCA cycle organic acids.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatat0
- Treatment
- –Ne0
- Outcome
- levels of several organic acids involved in glycolysis and the TCA cyclee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The levels of several organic acids involved in glycolysis and the TCA cycle decreased in response to –N, –P, or –K treatment.”
t0“cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorus deficiency decreased several glycolysis and TCA cycle organic acids.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatat0
- Treatment
- –Pe0
- Outcome
- levels of several organic acids involved in glycolysis and the TCA cyclee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The levels of several organic acids involved in glycolysis and the TCA cycle decreased in response to –N, –P, or –K treatment.”
t0“cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium deficiency decreased several glycolysis and TCA cycle organic acids.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatat0
- Treatment
- –K treatmente0
- Outcome
- levels of several organic acids involved in glycolysis and the TCA cyclee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The levels of several organic acids involved in glycolysis and the TCA cycle decreased in response to –N, –P, or –K treatment.”
t0“cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen deficiency decreased most amino acids.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatat0
- Treatment
- ‐ N treatmente0
- Outcome
- levels of most amino acidse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The levels of most amino acids decreased under ‐ N treatment but increased under –P, –K, –Ca, or –Mg treatment.”
t0“cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorus deficiency increased most amino acids.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatat0
- Treatment
- –Pe0
- Outcome
- levels of most amino acidse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The levels of most amino acids decreased under ‐ N treatment but increased under –P, –K, –Ca, or –Mg treatment.”
t0“cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium deficiency increased most amino acids.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatat0
- Treatment
- –Ke0
- Outcome
- levels of most amino acidse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The levels of most amino acids decreased under ‐ N treatment but increased under –P, –K, –Ca, or –Mg treatment.”
t0“cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium deficiency increased most amino acids.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatat0
- Treatment
- –Cae0
- Outcome
- levels of most amino acidse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The levels of most amino acids decreased under ‐ N treatment but increased under –P, –K, –Ca, or –Mg treatment.”
t0“cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
Magnesium deficiency increased most amino acids.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatat0
- Treatment
- –Mg treatmente0
- Outcome
- levels of most amino acidse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The levels of most amino acids decreased under ‐ N treatment but increased under –P, –K, –Ca, or –Mg treatment.”
t0“cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
Mineral depletion activated alternative pathways producing secondary metabolites such as quinate.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatat0
- Treatment
- Mineral depletione0
- Outcome
- production of secondary metabolites such as quinatee0
- Qualifier
- activation of alternative biochemical pathwayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mineral depletion also led to the activation of alternative biochemical pathways resulting in the production of secondary metabolites such as quinate.”
t0“cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
Magnesium deficiency quantitatively increased amino acid levels.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatat0
- Treatment
- Mg deficiencye0
- Outcome
- amino acid levelse0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a quantitative increase in amino acid levels in response to Mg deficiency, likely because the restriction of various pathways led to an increase in protein production”
t0“cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
Restriction of pathways may explain increased amino acids under magnesium deficiency.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatat0
- Treatment
- Mg deficiencye0
- Outcome
- amino acid levelse0
- Qualifier
- restriction of various pathwayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a quantitative increase in amino acid levels in response to Mg deficiency, likely because the restriction of various pathways led to an increase in protein production”
t0“cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium deficiency markedly increased quinate levels.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatat0
- Treatment
- Ke0
- Outcome
- levels of quinatee0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a marked increase in the levels of quinate, a precursor of the shikimate pathway, following cation (K, Ca, and Mg) deficiency.”
t0“cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium and magnesium deficiencies markedly increased quinate levels.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatat0
- Treatment
- Ca, and Mge0
- Outcome
- levels of quinatee0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a marked increase in the levels of quinate, a precursor of the shikimate pathway, following cation (K, Ca, and Mg) deficiency.”
t0“cabbage”
The same questions in other papers
phosphorus · nutrient: content · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 17 in the opposite direction
This paper is about lacking the nutrient, so it counts the other way round here.
- positive
- positive
- positive
16 papers more in this group
See all 20 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.