Abstract
Automobile exhaust emission are an important feature of urban environment contamination due to movement of high traffic density and are widely believed to have detrimental effects on plant growth. The effects of automobile exhaust emission on the germination and early seedling growth performance of Albizia lebbeck (L.) Bth. was observed. The auto emission showed negative effects on seedling height, leaf area, total plant fresh weight, total plant dry weight, root dry weight, stem dry weight, leaf dry weight, root/shoot ratio for fresh weight and root/shoot ratio for dry weight of A. lebbeck. Auto emission showed significantly (p<0.05) toxic effects on seedling growth of A. lebbeck growing in polluted sites (Tariq Road, Bahadurabad, Khalid Bin Waleed Road, Gulshan-e-Iqbal Gulshan-e-Iqbal) of city as compared to Karachi University Campus (Cleaner site). The seeds of A. lebbeck collected from the Karachi University campus, which is considered as control site showed better percentage of seed germination and seedling growth as compared to the seeds of the same species collected from the different polluted areas of the city. A high percentage of decrease in seed germination was found for the seeds collected from the Tariq Road, followed by Bahadurabad, Khalid Bin Waleed Road and Gulshan-e-Iqbal Gulshan-e-Iqbal as compared to control. Seedling length was also highly decreased for seeds of same species collected from Tariq Road as compared to control. High percentage of decrease in seedling dry weight was found for seeds of same species collected from Tariq Road, Bahadurabad, Khalid Bin Waleed Road, and Gulshan-e-Iqbal as compared to control. Root growth of A. lebbeck was significantly decreased in the polluted seedlings as compared to control. According to tolerance test it was observed that seedling growth of A. lebbeck showed lowest percentage of tolerance in samples collected from Tariq Road, followed by Bahadurabad, Khalid Bin Waleed Road and Gulshan-e- Iqbal Gulshan-e-Iqbal as compared to University Campus.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Automobile emissions reduced multiple Albizia seedling growth and biomass traits.
- Taxon
- A. lebbeck
Albizia lebbecke0 - Treatment
- auto emissione0
- Outcome
- seedling height, leaf area, total plant fresh weighte0
- Direction
- negative effectse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The auto emission showed negative effects on seedling height, leaf area, total plant fresh weight, total plant dry weight, root dry weight, stem dry weight, leaf dry weight, root/shoot ratio for fresh weight and root/shoot ratio for dry weight of A. lebbeck”
Claim · model-written summary
Seedling growth was significantly impaired at polluted sites relative to the cleaner university site.
- Taxon
- A. lebbeckAlbizia lebbecke0
- Treatment
- Auto emissione0
- Outcome
- seedling growthe0
- Direction
- toxic effectse0
- Comparator
- Karachi University Campus (Cleaner site)e0
- Setting
- Tariq Road, Bahadurabad, Khalid Bin Waleed Road, Gulshan-e-Iqbal Gulshan-e-Iqbale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Auto emission showed significantly (p<0.05) toxic effects on seedling growth of A. lebbeck growing in polluted sites (Tariq Road, Bahadurabad, Khalid Bin Waleed Road, Gulshan-e-Iqbal Gulshan-e-Iqbal) of city as compared to Karachi University Campus (Cleaner site)”
Claim · model-written summary
Seeds from the campus had better germination and seedling growth than seeds from polluted areas.
- Taxon
- A. lebbeckAlbizia lebbecke0
- Outcome
- seed germination and seedling growthe0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- different polluted areas of the citye0
- Setting
- Karachi University campuse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The seeds of A. lebbeck collected from the Karachi University campus, which is considered as control site showed better percentage of seed germination and seedling growth as compared to the seeds of the same species collected from the different polluted areas of the city”
Claim · model-written summary
Germination loss was greatest for seeds from Tariq Road, followed by the other polluted sites.
- Taxon
- Albizia LebbeckAlbizia lebbeckt0
- Outcome
- seed germinatione0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Comparator
- controle0
- Setting
- Tariq Roade0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A high percentage of decrease in seed germination was found for the seeds collected from the Tariq Road, followed by Bahadurabad, Khalid Bin Waleed Road and Gulshan-e-Iqbal Gulshan-e-Iqbal as compared to control”
t0“Albizia Lebbeck”
Claim · model-written summary
Seedling length declined most for Tariq Road seeds versus control.
- Taxon
- Albizia LebbeckAlbizia lebbeckt0
- Outcome
- Seedling lengthe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- controle0
- Setting
- Tariq Roade0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seedling length was also highly decreased for seeds of same species collected from Tariq Road as compared to control”
t0“Albizia Lebbeck”
Claim · model-written summary
Seedling dry weight declined for seeds from four polluted sites.
- Taxon
- Albizia LebbeckAlbizia lebbeckt0
- Outcome
- seedling dry weighte0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Comparator
- controle0
- Setting
- Tariq Road, Bahadurabad, Khalid Bin Waleed Road, and Gulshan-e-Iqbale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High percentage of decrease in seedling dry weight was found for seeds of same species collected from Tariq Road, Bahadurabad, Khalid Bin Waleed Road, and Gulshan-e-Iqbal as compared to control”
t0“Albizia Lebbeck”
Claim · model-written summary
Root growth was significantly lower in polluted seedlings than controls.
- Taxon
- A. lebbeckAlbizia lebbecke0
- Outcome
- Root growthe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Root growth of A. lebbeck was significantly decreased in the polluted seedlings as compared to control”
Claim · model-written summary
Seedling tolerance was lowest for Tariq Road samples, followed by the other polluted sites.
- Taxon
- A. lebbeckAlbizia lebbecke0
- Outcome
- percentage of tolerancee0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Comparator
- University Campuse0
- Setting
- Tariq Roade0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seedling growth of A. lebbeck showed lowest percentage of tolerance in samples collected from Tariq Road, followed by Bahadurabad, Khalid Bin Waleed Road and Gulshan-e- Iqbal Gulshan-e-Iqbal as compared to University Campus”