Abstract
Calcium alginate (CaAlg) submicroparticles have a potential application in agricultural delivery systems. This study investigated the effects of CaAlg submicroparticles on seed germination and seedling growth of wheat. CaAlg submicroparticles with a Z-average diameter of around 250.4 nm and a measured zeta potential value of about −25.4 mV were prepared and characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS). After this, the effects of the concentration of CaAlg submicroparticles (10–500 μg/mL) on germination percentage, seedling length, the number of adventitious roots, chlorophyll content and soluble protein content were evaluated. The results demonstrated a significant increase in the level of germination percentage (9.0%), seedling index (50.3%), adventitious roots (27.5%), seedling length (17.0%), chlorophyll (8.7%) and soluble protein contents (4.5%) at a concentration of 100 μg/mL. However, an inhibitory effect was observed at a concentration of 500 μg/mL. The SEM examination showed that CaAlg submicroparticles could be successfully adsorbed onto the surface of the wheat seed. Further studies proved that CaAlg submicroparticles at a concentration of 100 μg/mL promoted the expression of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)-related genes (YUCCA9, AUX1, ARF and UGT) in wheat, which resulted in an increase of 69% and 21% in IAA concentration in wheat roots and shoots, respectively.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
At 100 μg/mL, CaAlg submicroparticles increased germination percentage by 9.0%.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- CaAlg submicroparticlese1
- Outcome
- germination percentagee0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Value
- 9.0%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significant increase in the level of germination percentage (9.0%)”
t0“wheat”
e1“CaAlg submicroparticles (10–500 μg/mL)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 100 μg/mL, CaAlg submicroparticles increased seedling index by 50.3%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- CaAlg submicroparticlese1
- Outcome
- seedling indexe0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Value
- 50.3%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seedling index (50.3%)”
t0“wheat”
e1“CaAlg submicroparticles (10–500 μg/mL)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 100 μg/mL, CaAlg submicroparticles increased adventitious roots by 27.5%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- CaAlg submicroparticlese1
- Outcome
- adventitious rootse0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Value
- 27.5%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“adventitious roots (27.5%)”
t0“wheat”
e1“CaAlg submicroparticles (10–500 μg/mL)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 100 μg/mL, CaAlg submicroparticles increased seedling length by 17.0%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- CaAlg submicroparticlese1
- Outcome
- seedling lengthe0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Value
- 17.0%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seedling length (17.0%)”
t0“wheat”
e1“CaAlg submicroparticles (10–500 μg/mL)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 100 μg/mL, CaAlg submicroparticles increased chlorophyll by 8.7%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- CaAlg submicroparticlese1
- Outcome
- chlorophylle0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Value
- 8.7%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chlorophyll (8.7%)”
t0“wheat”
e1“CaAlg submicroparticles (10–500 μg/mL)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 100 μg/mL, CaAlg submicroparticles increased soluble protein contents by 4.5%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- CaAlg submicroparticlese1
- Outcome
- soluble protein contentse0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Value
- 4.5%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soluble protein contents (4.5%)”
t0“wheat”
e1“CaAlg submicroparticles (10–500 μg/mL)”
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