Abstract
The plant microbiome is known to play a significant role in improving plant productivity and quality of produce, and the endophytic component was explored toward developing inoculants for enhancing micronutrient concentration in grains. A set of 213 endophytes (201 bacteria and 12 fungi) were isolated, from a set of 13 wheat genotypes, identified through preliminary screening as low and high iron and zinc accumulating genotypes. A pot experiment, with two low accumulator genotypes and eight selected endophytes, was undertaken, followed by field evaluation with both high and low Zn or Fe accumulator genotypes. Screening of these endophytes identified 11 bacteria and 2 fungi as being efficient for zinc solubilization, while 10 bacteria and 2 fungi were promising siderophore producers. Zinc and iron uptake were enhanced by one to several folds over the recommended dose of NPK (RDF) in the pot experiment. Two sets of promising endophytes, identified as Bacillus subtilis (DS-178) and Arthrobacter sp. (DS-179) for zinc accumulation, and Arthrobacter sulfonivorans (DS-68) and Enterococcus hirae (DS-163) for iron acquisition in grains, were selected. Significant increase of 14–20% in plant growth and yield was recorded in field experiment, with 75% increase, over RDF, in terms of Fe or Zn accumulation in wheat grains. Phytic acid, an anti-nutritional factor, was significantly lower in grains from endophyte inoculated treatments in the wheat genotypes evaluated. This illustrated the promise of these endophytes in improving both the translocation of micronutrients and enhancing the quality of wheat grains.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Screening identified 11 bacteria and 2 fungi efficient for zinc solubilization.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Interactor
- endophytese0symbiont
- Outcome
- zinc solubilizatione0
- Value
- 11 bacteria and 2 fungie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Screening of these endophytes identified 11 bacteria and 2 fungi as being efficient for zinc solubilization”
e1“13 wheat genotypes, identified through preliminary screening”
Claim · model-written summary
Screening identified 10 bacteria and 2 fungi as promising siderophore producers.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Interactor
- endophytese2symbiont
- Outcome
- siderophore producerse0
- Value
- 10 bacteria and 2 fungie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“10 bacteria and 2 fungi were promising siderophore producers”
e1“13 wheat genotypes, identified through preliminary screening”
e2“Screening of these endophytes identified”
Claim · model-written summary
Endophytes enhanced zinc and iron uptake by one to several folds over RDF in pots.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- endophytese2
- Interactor
- endophytese2symbiont
- Outcome
- Zinc and iron uptakee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- one to several foldse0
- Comparator
- recommended dose of NPK (RDF)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zinc and iron uptake were enhanced by one to several folds over the recommended dose of NPK (RDF) in the pot experiment”
e1“13 wheat genotypes, identified through preliminary screening”
e2“Screening of these endophytes identified”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus subtilis DS-178 and Arthrobacter sp. DS-179 were selected for zinc accumulation.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Interactor
- Bacillus subtilis (DS-178)
Bacillus subtilise0symbiont - Second interactor
- Arthrobacter sp. (DS-179)
Arthrobacter sp.e0symbiont - Outcome
- zinc accumulatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bacillus subtilis (DS-178) and Arthrobacter sp. (DS-179) for zinc accumulation”
e1“13 wheat genotypes, identified through preliminary screening”
Claim · model-written summary
Arthrobacter sulfonivorans DS-68 and Enterococcus hirae DS-163 were selected for grain iron acquisition.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Interactor
- Arthrobacter sulfonivorans (DS-68)Pseudarthrobacter sulfonivoranse0symbiont
- Second interactor
- Enterococcus hirae (DS-163)Enterococcus hiraee0symbiont
- Outcome
- iron acquisition in grainse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Arthrobacter sulfonivorans (DS-68) and Enterococcus hirae (DS-163) for iron acquisition in grains”
e1“13 wheat genotypes, identified through preliminary screening”
Claim · model-written summary
Endophyte treatments significantly increased wheat growth and yield in the field by 14–20%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- endophyte inoculated treatmentse2
- Interactor
- endophytee2symbiont
- Outcome
- plant growth and yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 14–20%e0
- Setting
- field experimente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant increase of 14–20% in plant growth and yield was recorded in field experiment”
e1“13 wheat genotypes, identified through preliminary screening”
e2“grains from endophyte inoculated treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Endophytes increased grain Fe or Zn accumulation by 75% over RDF.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- endophyte inoculated treatmentse1
- Interactor
- endophytee1symbiont
- Outcome
- Fe or Zn accumulation in wheat grainse0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 75%e0
- Comparator
- RDFe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“75% increase, over RDF, in terms of Fe or Zn accumulation in wheat grains”
e1“grains from endophyte inoculated treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Endophyte inoculation significantly lowered phytic acid in wheat grains.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- grainse0
- Treatment
- endophyte inoculated treatmentse0
- Interactor
- endophytee0symbiont
- Outcome
- Phytic acide0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phytic acid, an anti-nutritional factor, was significantly lower in grains from endophyte inoculated treatments in the wheat genotypes evaluated”
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