Abstract
Ground-source heat pumps (GSHPs) have been used to chill water to facilitate cooling of ‘Natsuakari’ strawberry ( Fragaria × ananassa ) grown within containers during the summer. Two types of soil containers and cooling systems have been considered. In one system, cold-water tubes were placed under as well as over the top of the soil, whereas the other cooling system used cold water passing through tubes placed under the soil and within the irrigation channel to facilitate bottom irrigation. The cooling efficiency of each system was evaluated by observing temperature relationships between greenhouse air and soil. The relationship was represented by means of an elliptic curve, the geometric center and tilt angle of which indicated representative daily soil temperatures and degree of temperature stability, respectively. Both values were observed to be lower for the bottom irrigation system during the two plant growth periods considered in this study, thereby indicating that colder and relatively constant soil temperatures can be maintained via greater heat convection. This greater cooling method was facilitated by rapid transfer of cold water through the bottom irrigation channel into the root zone, resulting from reduction in soil moisture content induced by plant transpiration in addition to heat conduction from the soil to the cooling tube. Measured soil temperatures for the buried-tube system were observed to be coldest when the tube was chilled considerably (9.4 °C). Although the setup of the considered bottom watering system was rather sensitive in that the system required maintenance of a constant water level throughout the container, both systems effectively produced cooler soil temperatures compared with the case in which no GSHP was used.
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Claims 4
Claim · model-written summary
Both the geometric center and tilt angle of the soil temperature ellipse were lower for the bottom irrigation system than for the system with tubes under and over the soil, in strawberry containers over two growth periods.
- Taxon
- strawberry
_single2.jpg?width=60)
Fragaria ×ananassat0 - Treatment
- bottom irrigation systeme1
- Outcome
- representative daily soil temperatures and degree of temperature stabilitye3
- Direction
- lowere1
- Comparator
- cold-water tubes were placed under as well as over the top of the soile2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_single2.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e1“Both values were observed to be lower for the bottom irrigation system during the two plant growth periods considered in this study”
e2“In one system, cold-water tubes were placed under as well as over the top of the soil”
e3“the geometric center and tilt angle of which indicated representative daily soil temperatures and degree of temperature stability, respectively”
t0“Greenhouse Strawberry Production”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil temperatures in the buried-tube system were coldest when the tube was chilled considerably, to 9.4 °C.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- tube was chilled considerably (9.4 °C)e4
- Outcome
- Measured soil temperaturese4
- Direction
- coldeste4
- Value
- 9.4 °Ce4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Measured soil temperatures for the buried-tube system were observed to be coldest when the tube was chilled considerably (9.4 °C)”
t0“Greenhouse Strawberry Production”
Claim · model-written summary
Both cooling systems produced cooler soil temperatures than the case in which no GSHP was used.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- Ground-source heat pumps (GSHPs)e0
- Outcome
- soil temperaturese5
- Direction
- coolere5
- Comparator
- the case in which no GSHP was usede5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ground-source heat pumps (GSHPs) have been used to chill water”
e5“both systems effectively produced cooler soil temperatures compared with the case in which no GSHP was used”
t0“Greenhouse Strawberry Production”
Claim · model-written summary
The greater cooling of the bottom irrigation system is attributed to rapid transfer of cold water into the root zone, resulting from reduced soil moisture caused by plant transpiration.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Outcome
- greater coolinge6
- Qualifier
- reduction in soil moisture content induced by plant transpiratione6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“This greater cooling method was facilitated by rapid transfer of cold water through the bottom irrigation channel into the root zone, resulting from reduction in soil moisture content induced by plant transpiration”
t0“Greenhouse Strawberry Production”
The same questions in other papers
irrigation · soil: physics · Fragaria x ananassa (strawberry)Positive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.