Abstract
There are two plant phosphorus (P)-uptake pathways, namely the direct P uptake by roots and the indirect P uptake through arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Maximizing the efficiency of root and AMF processes associated with P acquisition by adjusting soil conditions is important for simultaneously ensuring high yields and the efficient use of available P. A root box experiment was conducted in 2015 and 2016. The aim was to investigate the effects of different P and soil water conditions on root/mycorrhizal growth and P uptake by cotton plants. Hyphal growth was induced in well-watered soil, but decreased with increasing P concentrations. Additionally, P fertilizers regulated root length only under well-watered conditions, with the longest roots observed in response to 0.2 g P2O5 kg− 1. In contrast, root elongation was essentially unaffected by P fertilizers under drought conditions. And soil water in general had more significant effects on root and hyphal growth than phosphorus levels. In well-watered soil, the application of P significantly increased the cotton plant P uptake, but there were no differences between the effects of 0.2 and 1 g P2O5 kg− 1. So optimizing phosphorus inputs and soil water can increase cotton growth and phosphorus uptake by maximizing the efficiency of phosphorus acquisition by roots/mycorrhizae. Soil water and P contents of 19–24% and 20–25 mg kg− 1, respectively, simultaneously maximized root/mycorrhizal growth and P uptake by cotton plants.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Well-watered soil induced hyphal growth.
- Taxon
- cotton plants
Gossypium hirsutumt0 - Treatment
- well-watered soile0
- Outcome
- Hyphal growthe0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cotton plants”
e0“Hyphal growth was induced in well-watered soil, but decreased with increasing P concentrations.”
Claim · model-written summary
Hyphal growth decreased as phosphorus concentration increased.
- Taxon
- cotton plantsGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- increasing P concentrationse0
- Outcome
- Hyphal growthe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cotton plants”
e0“Hyphal growth was induced in well-watered soil, but decreased with increasing P concentrations.”
Claim · model-written summary
Under well-watered conditions, phosphorus fertilizer regulated root length, with longest roots at 0.2 g P2O5 kg− 1.
- Taxon
- cotton plantsGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- 0.2 g P2O5 kg− 1e0
- Outcome
- root lengthe0
- Direction
- longeste0
- Qualifier
- well-watered conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cotton plants”
e0“P fertilizers regulated root length only under well-watered conditions, with the longest roots observed in response to 0.2 g P2O5 kg− 1.”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorus fertilizer essentially did not affect root elongation under drought.
- Taxon
- cotton plantsGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- P fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- root elongatione0
- Direction
- unaffectede0
- Qualifier
- under drought conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cotton plants”
e0“root elongation was essentially unaffected by P fertilizers under drought conditions.”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil water had stronger effects than phosphorus level on root and hyphal growth.
- Taxon
- cotton plantsGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- root and hyphal growthe0
- Comparator
- phosphorus levelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cotton plants”
e0“soil water in general had more significant effects on root and hyphal growth than phosphorus levels.”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorus application significantly increased cotton phosphorus uptake in well-watered soil.
- Taxon
- cotton plantGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- the application of Pe0
- Outcome
- cotton plant P uptakee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- well-watered soile0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In well-watered soil, the application of P significantly increased the cotton plant P uptake”
Claim · model-written summary
Cotton phosphorus uptake did not differ between phosphorus rates of 0.2 and 1 g P2O5 kg− 1.
- Taxon
- cotton plantsGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- 0.2e0
- Outcome
- effectse0
- Direction
- no differencese0
- Comparator
- 1 g P2O5 kg− 1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cotton plants”
e0“there were no differences between the effects of 0.2 and 1 g P2O5 kg− 1.”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil water of 19–24% and soil phosphorus of 20–25 mg kg− 1 simultaneously maximized cotton root and mycorrhizal growth and phosphorus uptake.
- Taxon
- cotton plantsGossypium hirsutume0
- Outcome
- root/mycorrhizal growth and P uptakee0
- Direction
- maximizede0
- Qualifier
- Soil water and P contents of 19–24% and 20–25 mg kg− 1, respectivelye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil water and P contents of 19–24% and 20–25 mg kg− 1, respectively, simultaneously maximized root/mycorrhizal growth and P uptake by cotton plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that optimizing phosphorus inputs and soil water can increase cotton growth and phosphorus uptake by maximizing root and mycorrhizal phosphorus acquisition.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Outcome
- optimizing phosphorus inputs and soil watere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“optimizing phosphorus inputs and soil water can increase cotton growth and phosphorus uptake by maximizing the efficiency of phosphorus acquisition by roots/mycorrhizae.”
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phosphorus · nutrient: content · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Results differ
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- no effect
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See all 202 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.