Abstract
Competition and facilitation adequately explain high yield and high resource use efficiency in intercropping; however, little research has focused on dynamic trajectories and interaction in a wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) and faba bean ( Vicia faba L.) intercropping system under different P application rates. Field experiments were conducted with three planting patterns (monocropped wheat [MW], monocropped faba bean [MB], and wheat and faba bean intercropping) and three rates of P fertilization (0 [P0], 45 [P45], and 90 kg P 2 O 5 ha −1 [P90]). The biomass of faba bean and wheat was sequentially sampled 10 and 11 times, respectively, during each growing season, and growth parameters and species interaction were simulated and calculated. Wheat and faba bean suffered different competition pressures in intercropping, but intercropping still showed yield advantages, and the interaction between wheat and faba bean was not regulated by P rate under moderate soil P fertility. Wheat was not dominant in intercropping until faba bean reached its maximum growth rate ( R max ). The R max , maximum biomass production, and grain yield of wheat increased by 12 to 18, 4 to 16, and 16 to 17%, respectively, when wheat was intercropped with faba bean relative to MW, and all of these variables for intercropped wheat at P45 were equal to those for MW at P90 due to the interactions between planting pattern and P rate. The findings suggest the time to reach the R max of faba bean is a turning point for the intercropping effects on wheat, and intercropping shows potential to maintain higher system productivity than monocropping under reduced P application.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat and faba bean experienced different competition pressures in intercropping
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Outcome
- competition pressurese2
- Qualifier
- differente2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in a wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) and faba bean ( Vicia faba L.) intercropping system”
e2“Wheat and faba bean suffered different competition pressures in intercropping, but intercropping still showed yield advantages”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping of wheat with faba bean still showed yield advantages
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- intercroppinge2
- Outcome
- yield advantagese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in a wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) and faba bean ( Vicia faba L.) intercropping system”
e2“Wheat and faba bean suffered different competition pressures in intercropping, but intercropping still showed yield advantages”
Claim · model-written summary
The interaction between wheat and faba bean was not regulated by P rate under moderate soil P fertility
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- P ratee3
- Outcome
- interaction between wheat and faba beane3
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede3
- Setting
- moderate soil P fertilitye3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in a wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) and faba bean ( Vicia faba L.) intercropping system”
e3“the interaction between wheat and faba bean was not regulated by P rate under moderate soil P fertility”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat was not dominant in intercropping until faba bean reached its maximum growth rate
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- not dominante4
- Qualifier
- until faba bean reached its maximum growth ratee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in a wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) and faba bean ( Vicia faba L.) intercropping system”
e4“Wheat was not dominant in intercropping until faba bean reached its maximum growth rate”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping with faba bean increased the R max of wheat relative to monocropped wheat
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- wheat was intercropped with faba beane5
- Outcome
- R maxe5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Value
- 12 to 18e5
- Comparator
- MWe5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in a wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) and faba bean ( Vicia faba L.) intercropping system”
e5“The R max , maximum biomass production, and grain yield of wheat increased by 12 to 18, 4 to 16, and 16 to 17%, respectively, when wheat was intercropped with faba bean relative to MW”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping with faba bean increased maximum biomass production of wheat relative to monocropped wheat
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- wheat was intercropped with faba beane5
- Outcome
- maximum biomass productione5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Value
- 4 to 16e5
- Comparator
- MWe5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in a wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) and faba bean ( Vicia faba L.) intercropping system”
e5“The R max , maximum biomass production, and grain yield of wheat increased by 12 to 18, 4 to 16, and 16 to 17%, respectively, when wheat was intercropped with faba bean relative to MW”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping with faba bean increased grain yield of wheat relative to monocropped wheat
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- wheat was intercropped with faba beane5
- Outcome
- grain yielde5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Value
- 16 to 17%e5
- Comparator
- MWe5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in a wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) and faba bean ( Vicia faba L.) intercropping system”
e5“The R max , maximum biomass production, and grain yield of wheat increased by 12 to 18, 4 to 16, and 16 to 17%, respectively, when wheat was intercropped with faba bean relative to MW”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropped wheat at P45 was equal to monocropped wheat at P90 for growth and yield variables
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- intercropped wheat at P45e6
- Outcome
- all of these variablese6
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede6
- Comparator
- MW at P90e6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in a wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) and faba bean ( Vicia faba L.) intercropping system”
e6“all of these variables for intercropped wheat at P45 were equal to those for MW at P90 due to the interactions between planting pattern and P rate”
Claim · model-written summary
Time to reach the R max of faba bean is a turning point for intercropping effects on wheat
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- time to reach the R max of faba beane7
- Outcome
- intercropping effects on wheate7
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in a wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) and faba bean ( Vicia faba L.) intercropping system”
e7“The findings suggest the time to reach the R max of faba bean is a turning point for the intercropping effects on wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping may maintain higher system productivity than monocropping under reduced P application
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- intercroppinge7
- Outcome
- system productivitye7
- Direction
- highere7
- Qualifier
- under reduced P applicatione7
- Comparator
- monocroppinge7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in a wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) and faba bean ( Vicia faba L.) intercropping system”
e7“intercropping shows potential to maintain higher system productivity than monocropping under reduced P application”
The same questions in other papers
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130 papers in the same direction as this paper · 51 in the opposite direction · 7 reporting no difference from an alternative
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See all 189 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.