Abstract
Air-root pruning (AP) has been identified as an effective technique for enhancing root growth and development. However, little information is available regarding the temporal changes in the root system of Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco under AP. We performed integrated morphological, physiological, and anatomical analyses of the roots in P. orientalis seedlings that had been air-root pruned for 120, 150, and 190 days. Our results found that the whole root length, number of root tips, and root surface area of AP seedlings at 120, 150, and 190 days were higher than those of the non–root-pruned (NP) seedlings ( P < 0.05), but the average root diameter did not differ significantly between the treatments. Compared with NP treatment, AP increased the root length, surface area, number of tips, and specific root length of the ≤0.5 mm diameter roots in P. orientalis during the experimental periods ( P < 0.05), but those of 0.5- to 1-mm-diameter roots were only increased on day 190 ( P < 0.05). The AP plants also exhibited higher root vitality and proportion of live fine roots than the NP plants ( P < 0.05). Our anatomical evaluation of the ≤0.5 mm roots and taproots revealed features that could account for the morphological differences found between the AP and NP plants. In conclusion, our results indicate that air-root pruning induced changes in the roots that promote the root system development in P. orientalis compared with the NP treatment during the experimental period. These results thus provide experimental evidence to support the use of AP in P. orientalis seedlings.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Whole root length, number of root tips, and root surface area of AP seedlings were higher than those of non-root-pruned seedlings at 120, 150, and 190 days.
- Taxon
- Platycladus orientalis
Platycladus orientalise2 - Treatment
- APe3
- Outcome
- whole root length, number of root tips, and root surface areae3
- Direction
- highere3
- Qualifier
- 120, 150, and 190 dayse3
- Comparator
- non–root-pruned (NP) seedlingse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“root system of Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco under AP”
e3“the whole root length, number of root tips, and root surface area of AP seedlings at 120, 150, and 190 days were higher than those of the non–root-pruned (NP) seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Air-root pruning increased the root length, surface area, number of tips and specific root length of roots 0.5 mm or less in diameter.
- Taxon
- P. orientalisPlatycladus orientalise5
- Organ / stage
- ≤0.5 mm diameter rootse4
- Treatment
- APe4
- Outcome
- root length, surface area, number of tips, and specific root lengthe4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Comparator
- NP treatmente4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Compared with NP treatment, AP increased the root length, surface area, number of tips, and specific root length of the ≤0.5 mm diameter roots”
e5“in P. orientalis during the experimental periods”
Claim · model-written summary
Air-root pruning increased the roots of 0.5 to 1 mm diameter only on day 190.
- Taxon
- P. orientalisPlatycladus orientalise5
- Organ / stage
- 0.5- to 1-mm-diameter rootse6
- Treatment
- APe4
- Outcome
- rootse6
- Direction
- increasede6
- Qualifier
- on day 190e6
- Comparator
- NP treatmente4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Compared with NP treatment, AP increased the root length, surface area, number of tips, and specific root length of the ≤0.5 mm diameter roots”
e5“in P. orientalis during the experimental periods”
e6“those of 0.5- to 1-mm-diameter roots were only increased on day 190”
Claim · model-written summary
AP plants had higher root vitality and proportion of live fine roots than NP plants.
- Taxon
- P. orientalisPlatycladus orientalise5
- Treatment
- APe7
- Outcome
- root vitality and proportion of live fine rootse7
- Direction
- highere7
- Comparator
- NP plantse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“in P. orientalis during the experimental periods”
e7“The AP plants also exhibited higher root vitality and proportion of live fine roots than the NP plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Anatomical features of roots of 0.5 mm or less and taproots could account for the morphological differences between AP and NP plants.
- Taxon
- P. orientalisPlatycladus orientalise5
- Organ / stage
- ≤0.5 mm roots and taprootse6
- Outcome
- featurese6
- Qualifier
- could account for the morphological differencese6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“in P. orientalis during the experimental periods”
e6“Our anatomical evaluation of the ≤0.5 mm roots and taproots revealed features that could account for the morphological differences found between the AP and NP plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Average root diameter did not differ significantly between the AP and NP treatments.
- Taxon
- P. orientalisPlatycladus orientalise5
- Outcome
- average root diametere6
- Qualifier
- did not differ significantlye6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“in P. orientalis during the experimental periods”
e6“the average root diameter did not differ significantly between the treatments”
The same questions in other papers
pruning · growth · Platycladus orientalisResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.