Abstract
Optimal soil nitrogen management is vital to crop production and environment protection. Little knowledge is available on crop yield, nitrogen uptake, use efficiency and balance in paddy rice-upland wheat cropping system of China. A thirty-five-year long-term field experiment was designed with nine treatments, including an unfertilized treatment (control), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) fertilizer, manure (M), and manure combined with mineral fertilizer treatments. Crop yield, N uptake, use efficiency, and N surplus or deficit amount were determined. The results indicated that rice, wheat yield and N uptake amount in the manure combined with mineral fertilizer treatments were higher than that in the manure alone or mineral fertilizer alone treatments. N use efficiency was the highest in the treatment with manure alone. Soil N input indicated a surplus in the mineral fertilizer in combination with manure treatment, but soil N input indicated a deficit in the control, NPK and M treatments. Considering crop yields, N use efficiency and N balance, recommended N application amount is almost 220 kg N/ha/year in the paddy rice-upland wheat cropping system. Taking into account labour and fertilizer sources, half mineral N and half organic N applications were recommended.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Rice and wheat yield and N uptake were higher with manure combined with mineral fertilizer than with manure alone or mineral fertilizer alone.
- Taxon
- rice, wheat
Oryza sativa
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- manure combined with mineral fertilizere0
- Outcome
- yield and N uptake amounte0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- manure alone or mineral fertilizer alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Yield, nitrogen use efficiency and balance response to thirty-five years of fertilization in paddy rice-upland wheat cropping system”
e0“The results indicated that rice, wheat yield and N uptake amount in the manure combined with mineral fertilizer treatments were higher than that in the manure alone or mineral fertilizer alone treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
N use efficiency was highest in the manure-alone treatment.
- Taxon
- rice-upland wheatt0
- Treatment
- treatment with manure alonee1
- Outcome
- N use efficiencye1
- Direction
- the higheste1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Yield, nitrogen use efficiency and balance response to thirty-five years of fertilization in paddy rice-upland wheat cropping system”
e1“N use efficiency was the highest in the treatment with manure alone”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil N input showed a surplus under mineral fertilizer combined with manure.
Verbatim
t0“Yield, nitrogen use efficiency and balance response to thirty-five years of fertilization in paddy rice-upland wheat cropping system”
e2“Soil N input indicated a surplus in the mineral fertilizer in combination with manure treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil N input showed a deficit in the control, NPK and M treatments.
Verbatim
t0“Yield, nitrogen use efficiency and balance response to thirty-five years of fertilization in paddy rice-upland wheat cropping system”
e3“but soil N input indicated a deficit in the control, NPK and M treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Recommended N application for the paddy rice-upland wheat cropping system is almost 220 kg N/ha/year.
Verbatim
t0“Yield, nitrogen use efficiency and balance response to thirty-five years of fertilization in paddy rice-upland wheat cropping system”
e4“recommended N application amount is almost 220 kg N/ha/year in the paddy rice-upland wheat cropping system”
Claim · model-written summary
Half mineral N and half organic N applications are recommended for the rice-upland wheat system.
Verbatim
t0“Yield, nitrogen use efficiency and balance response to thirty-five years of fertilization in paddy rice-upland wheat cropping system”
e5“half mineral N and half organic N applications were recommended”
The same questions in other papers
fertilization · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
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See all 3,438 papers →fertilization · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
3,182 papers in the same direction as this paper · 207 in the opposite direction · 65 reporting no difference from an alternative
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See all 3,455 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.