Abstract
There is a lack of information pertaining to garlic growth under increasing levels of salinity. This research was conducted to assess the effects of NaCl level on growth, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant activity of marketable garlic (Allium sativum L.) in a hydroponic greenhouse experiment. Garlic plants were treated with NaCl (0, 30, 60 and 90 mM) and Na2SeO4 (0, 4, 8 and 16 mg Se L− 1). The results showed that selenium application without salinity significantly increased the fresh and dry weights of bulb, number of clove per bulb, bulb diameter and bulb height compared to the control plants. Also, salt stress (30 mM) without selenium caused a drastic increase in garlic fresh and dry weights of root and bulb, bulb diameter and bulb height. Exogenous Se supply at 8 and 16 mg L− 1 significantly increased Chl “a” under levels 60 mM of salinity. Also, Se supplementation at 16 mg L− 1 in combination with salt stress (30 and 60 mM NaCl) significantly increased Chl “b” and total Chl. However, application of Se significantly decreased the level of malondialdehyde. Se supply (8 mg L− 1) at 30 mM NaCl significantly decreased the electrolyte leakage by 58%. Low Se supply (4, 8 mg L− 1) induced accumulation of total phenolic content at 90 mM NaCl, but this diminished at higher supply. The results show that garlic plants have high antioxidant activity against salinity stress without treatment with selenium compared to treated. Under salinity conditions of 30 mM NaCl, the superoxide dismutase and catalase activities increased with increasing the level of Se treatment. Addition of Se at 16 mg L− 1 in combination with salt stress (60, 90 mM NaCl) significantly increased the level of ascorbate peroxidase activity. These results indicated that salt stress had a positive physiological effect on some growth parameters of garlic which is in contrast to previous reports. In addition, application of Se made garlic plants more tolerant to salt stress-induced oxidative damage by enhancing their antioxidant defense systems.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Selenium without salinity increased bulb weights, clove number, bulb diameter and height relative to controls.
- Taxon
- garlic
Allium sativumt0 - Treatment
- selenium application without salinitye0
- Outcome
- fresh and dry weights of bulb, number of clove per bulb, bulb diameter and bulb heighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“selenium application without salinity significantly increased the fresh and dry weights of bulb, number of clove per bulb, bulb diameter and bulb height compared to the control plants”
t0“garlic”
Claim · model-written summary
30 mM salt stress without selenium increased garlic root and bulb weights and bulb dimensions.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativume0
- Treatment
- salt stress (30 mM) without seleniume0
- Outcome
- fresh and dry weights of root and bulb, bulb diameter and bulb heighte0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salt stress (30 mM) without selenium caused a drastic increase in garlic fresh and dry weights of root and bulb, bulb diameter and bulb height”
Claim · model-written summary
Se at 8 and 16 mg L− 1 increased chlorophyll a under 60 mM salinity.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativumt0
- Treatment
- Exogenous Se supply at 8 and 16 mg L− 1e0
- Outcome
- Chl “a”e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- 60 mM of salinitye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exogenous Se supply at 8 and 16 mg L− 1 significantly increased Chl “a” under levels 60 mM of salinity”
t0“garlic”
Claim · model-written summary
Se at 16 mg L− 1 increased chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll under 30 and 60 mM NaCl.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativumt0
- Treatment
- Se supplementation at 16 mg L− 1e0
- Outcome
- Chl “b” and total Chle0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- 30 and 60 mM NaCle0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Se supplementation at 16 mg L− 1 in combination with salt stress (30 and 60 mM NaCl) significantly increased Chl “b” and total Chl”
t0“garlic”
Claim · model-written summary
Selenium decreased malondialdehyde level.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativumt0
- Treatment
- application of See0
- Outcome
- level of malondialdehydee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of Se significantly decreased the level of malondialdehyde”
t0“garlic”
Claim · model-written summary
Se at 8 mg L− 1 decreased electrolyte leakage by 58% under 30 mM NaCl.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativumt0
- Treatment
- Se supply (8 mg L− 1) at 30 mM NaCle0
- Outcome
- electrolyte leakagee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 58%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Se supply (8 mg L− 1) at 30 mM NaCl significantly decreased the electrolyte leakage by 58%”
t0“garlic”
Claim · model-written summary
Low Se supply increased total phenolic content at 90 mM NaCl.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativumt0
- Treatment
- Low Se supply (4, 8 mg L− 1)e0
- Outcome
- total phenolic contente0
- Direction
- accumulatione0
- Qualifier
- at 90 mM NaCle0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Low Se supply (4, 8 mg L− 1) induced accumulation of total phenolic content at 90 mM NaCl, but this diminished at higher supply”
t0“garlic”
Claim · model-written summary
The phenolic accumulation diminished at higher Se supply.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativumt0
- Treatment
- higher supplye0
- Outcome
- total phenolic contente0
- Direction
- diminishede0
- Qualifier
- at 90 mM NaCle0
- Comparator
- Low Se supply (4, 8 mg L− 1)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Low Se supply (4, 8 mg L− 1) induced accumulation of total phenolic content at 90 mM NaCl, but this diminished at higher supply”
t0“garlic”
Claim · model-written summary
Garlic without selenium had higher antioxidant activity under salinity than treated garlic.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativume0
- Treatment
- without treatment with seleniume0
- Outcome
- antioxidant activitye0
- Direction
- highe0
- Comparator
- treatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“garlic plants have high antioxidant activity against salinity stress without treatment with selenium compared to treated”
Claim · model-written summary
Superoxide dismutase and catalase activities rose as Se treatment increased under 30 mM NaCl.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativumt0
- Treatment
- Se treatmente0
- Outcome
- superoxide dismutase and catalase activitiese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- 30 mM NaCle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under salinity conditions of 30 mM NaCl, the superoxide dismutase and catalase activities increased with increasing the level of Se treatment”
t0“garlic”
Claim · model-written summary
Se at 16 mg L− 1 increased ascorbate peroxidase activity under 60 or 90 mM NaCl.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativumt0
- Treatment
- Addition of Se at 16 mg L− 1e0
- Outcome
- level of ascorbate peroxidase activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- 60, 90 mM NaCle0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Addition of Se at 16 mg L− 1 in combination with salt stress (60, 90 mM NaCl) significantly increased the level of ascorbate peroxidase activity”
t0“garlic”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors interpret Se as improving garlic tolerance to salinity-induced oxidative damage through antioxidant defenses.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativume0
- Treatment
- application of See0
- Outcome
- more tolerant to salt stress-induced oxidative damagee0
- Qualifier
- enhancing their antioxidant defense systemse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of Se made garlic plants more tolerant to salt stress-induced oxidative damage by enhancing their antioxidant defense systems”
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See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.