Abstract
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is susceptible to low temperature (LT) at reproductive stage. LT causes flower abortion and delays pod set in chickpea until terminal drought becomes an issue, thereby decreasing yield potential. In chickpea, flower and anther/pollen development as well as LT-induced abnormalities on anther and pollen development are described inadequately. In the present manuscript, we report flower development stages, anther development stages, and aberrations in male gamete formation in chickpea under LT. Flower length was linearly correlated to flower and anther stages and can be used to predict these stages in chickpea. LT affected male gamete development in a flower/anther age-dependent manner where outcome ranged from no pollen formation to pollen sterility or no anther dehiscence to delayed dehiscence. In anthers, LT inhibited microsporogenesis, microgametogenesis, tapetum degeneration, breakage of septum and stomium, and induced pollen sterility. Whereas disruption of male function was the prime cause of abortion in flowers below vacuolated pollen stage, flower abortion was due to a combination of male and female reproductive functions in flowers with mature pollen. The study will help in elucidating mechanisms governing flower development, anther and pollen development, and tolerance/susceptibility to LT.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Flower length correlated linearly with flower and anther stages and could predict them.
- Taxon
- chickpea
Cicer arietinume0 - Organ / stage
- Flowere0
- Outcome
- predict these stagese0
- Comparator
- flower and anther stagese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Flower length was linearly correlated to flower and anther stages and can be used to predict these stages in chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Low temperature affected male gamete development according to flower or anther age.
- Taxon
- Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)Cicer arietinume1
- Treatment
- LTe0
- Outcome
- male gamete developmente0
- Direction
- affectede0
- Qualifier
- flower/anther age-dependent mannere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“LT affected male gamete development in a flower/anther age-dependent manner where outcome ranged from no pollen formation to pollen sterility or no anther dehiscence to delayed dehiscence”
e1“Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Under low temperature, outcomes included no pollen formation or pollen sterility.
- Taxon
- Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)Cicer arietinume1
- Treatment
- LTe0
- Outcome
- no pollen formation to pollen sterilitye0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“LT affected male gamete development in a flower/anther age-dependent manner where outcome ranged from no pollen formation to pollen sterility or no anther dehiscence to delayed dehiscence”
e1“Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Under low temperature, anther dehiscence was absent or delayed.
- Taxon
- Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)Cicer arietinume1
- Treatment
- LTe0
- Outcome
- no anther dehiscence to delayed dehiscencee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“LT affected male gamete development in a flower/anther age-dependent manner where outcome ranged from no pollen formation to pollen sterility or no anther dehiscence to delayed dehiscence”
e1“Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Low temperature inhibited microsporogenesis, microgametogenesis, and tapetum degeneration.
- Taxon
- Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)Cicer arietinume1
- Organ / stage
- antherse0
- Treatment
- LTe0
- Outcome
- microsporogenesis, microgametogenesis, tapetum degeneratione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In anthers, LT inhibited microsporogenesis, microgametogenesis, tapetum degeneration, breakage of septum and stomium, and induced pollen sterility”
e1“Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Low temperature inhibited breakage of the anther septum and stomium.
- Taxon
- Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)Cicer arietinume1
- Organ / stage
- antherse0
- Treatment
- LTe0
- Outcome
- breakage of septum and stomiume0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In anthers, LT inhibited microsporogenesis, microgametogenesis, tapetum degeneration, breakage of septum and stomium, and induced pollen sterility”
e1“Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Low temperature induced pollen sterility.
- Taxon
- Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)Cicer arietinume1
- Treatment
- LTe0
- Outcome
- pollen sterilitye0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In anthers, LT inhibited microsporogenesis, microgametogenesis, tapetum degeneration, breakage of septum and stomium, and induced pollen sterility”
e1“Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Male dysfunction was the main cause of abortion below the vacuolated pollen stage.
- Taxon
- Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)Cicer arietinume1
- Organ / stage
- flowers below vacuolated pollen stagee0
- Outcome
- abortion in flowerse0
- Qualifier
- disruption of male functione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“disruption of male function was the prime cause of abortion in flowers below vacuolated pollen stage”
e1“Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Both male and female dysfunction caused abortion in flowers with mature pollen.
- Taxon
- Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)Cicer arietinume1
- Organ / stage
- flowers with mature pollene0
- Outcome
- flower abortione0
- Qualifier
- combination of male and female reproductive functionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“flower abortion was due to a combination of male and female reproductive functions in flowers with mature pollen”
e1“Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
The same questions in other papers
cold · growth · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Positive and negative results
8 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
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See all 12 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.