Abstract
Cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) is the second most important vegetable crop in Ethiopia in area coverage as well as level of production next to red pepper. However, yield of the crop is often constrained by low and imbalanced nutrient supply. This study was conducted at the Bore Agricultural Research Center (BoARC) during the main cropping season to assess the response of N and FYM on growth and yield of cabbage. The treatments consisted of factorial combinations of five levels of N (0, 59,119, 235 and 294 kg N ha -1 ) and four levels of FYM (0, 3, 6 and 10 t ha -1 ) and were laid out in RCBD with three replications. The ANOVA results showed that interaction effect of N and FYM significantly (P<0.001) difference on plant height, number of expanded leaves, days to head initiation, days to 90% maturity, head height, head diameter, untrimmed head weight, trimmed head weight, yield with and without wrapper and biomass of yield. There was a Significance differences between the mean plant heights (43.2cm) of head cabbage observed versus FYM of (10 t ha -1 ) with each level of N (235 kg ha -1 ) for plant height. However, the combined effect of highest N (294 kg ha -1 ) and highest FYM (10 t ha -1 ) recorded maximum number of leaves (16.66), shortest days to head initiation (63.33) and early days to maturity (112). And also the interaction effect of both N and FYM (235 kg + 6 t ha-1), respectively was highly significantly (P<0.001) recorded highest head height (18.14cm), highest head diameter (17.03cm), highest untrimmed head weight (2296.67g), highest trimmed head weight (1766.67g), maximum (107.47 t ha -1 ) yield with wrapper head cabbage, highest head yield without wrapper (72.36 t ha -1 ) and maximum biomass yield (107.47 t ha -1 ) of head cabbage. There was an increasing trend in the yield without wrapper or marketable head yield parameter with the increasing in the rate till combined application of 235 kg N ha -1 from UREA and 6 t FYM ha -1 , but the yield declined above these combinations. Based on partial budget analysis the highest net benefit was obtained from treatment combinations of 235 kg N ha -1 with 6 t ha -1 with a marginal rate of return 2535.31%. The most attractive rates for the producers with low cost of production and higher benefits in this case were treatment combination of 235 kg N ha -1 with 6 t ha -1 . Generally results of the study suggested that head cabbage responded well to the combined application of N and FYM and application of 235 kg N ha -1 + 6 t FYM ha -1 can give optimum cabbage head yield in the study area. Keywords : FYM, N, Thomas F1, Trimmed Head, Untrimmed Head, Yield with Wrapper, Yield without Wrapper DOI : 10.7176/JAAS/52-03
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen and farmyard manure interacted significantly for cabbage growth, development and yield traits.
- Taxon
- cabbage
Brassica oleracea var. capitatat0 - Outcome
- plant height, number of expanded leaves, days to head initiation, days to 90% maturity, head height, head diameter, untrimmed head weight, trimmed head weight, yield with and without wrapper and biomass of yielde0
Not reportedTreatmentComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The ANOVA results showed that interaction effect of N and FYM significantly (P<0.001) difference on plant height, number of expanded leaves, days to head initiation, days to 90% maturity, head height, head diameter, untrimmed head weight, trimmed head weight, yield with and without wrapper and biomass of yield”
t0“Head Cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
At 10 t ha -1 FYM and 235 kg ha -1 N, cabbage plant height was 43.2cm.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatat0
- Treatment
- FYM of (10 t ha -1 ) with each level of N (235 kg ha -1 )e0
- Outcome
- plant heightse0
- Direction
- Significance differencese0
- Value
- 43.2cme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was a Significance differences between the mean plant heights (43.2cm) of head cabbage observed versus FYM of (10 t ha -1 ) with each level of N (235 kg ha -1 ) for plant height”
t0“Head Cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest N and FYM combination gave 16.66 leaves.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatat0
- Treatment
- highest N (294 kg ha -1 ) and highest FYM (10 t ha -1 )e0
- Outcome
- number of leavese0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 16.66e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the combined effect of highest N (294 kg ha -1 ) and highest FYM (10 t ha -1 ) recorded maximum number of leaves (16.66), shortest days to head initiation (63.33) and early days to maturity (112)”
t0“Head Cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest N and FYM combination gave head initiation after 63.33 days.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatat0
- Treatment
- highest N (294 kg ha -1 ) and highest FYM (10 t ha -1 )e0
- Outcome
- days to head initiatione0
- Direction
- shorteste0
- Value
- 63.33e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the combined effect of highest N (294 kg ha -1 ) and highest FYM (10 t ha -1 ) recorded maximum number of leaves (16.66), shortest days to head initiation (63.33) and early days to maturity (112)”
t0“Head Cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest N and FYM combination gave maturity after 112 days.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatat0
- Treatment
- highest N (294 kg ha -1 ) and highest FYM (10 t ha -1 )e0
- Outcome
- days to maturitye0
- Direction
- earlye0
- Value
- 112e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the combined effect of highest N (294 kg ha -1 ) and highest FYM (10 t ha -1 ) recorded maximum number of leaves (16.66), shortest days to head initiation (63.33) and early days to maturity (112)”
t0“Head Cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
The 235 kg N and 6 t FYM combination gave head height 18.14cm.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatat0
- Treatment
- N and FYM (235 kg + 6 t ha-1)e0
- Outcome
- head heighte0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 18.14cme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the interaction effect of both N and FYM (235 kg + 6 t ha-1), respectively was highly significantly (P<0.001) recorded highest head height (18.14cm), highest head diameter (17.03cm), highest untrimmed head weight (2296.67g), highest trimmed head weight (1766.67g), maximum (107.47 t ha -1 ) yield with wrapper head cabbage, highest head yield without wrapper (72.36 t ha -1 ) and maximum biomass yield (107.47 t ha -1 ) of head cabbage”
t0“Head Cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
The combination gave head diameter 17.03cm.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatat0
- Treatment
- N and FYM (235 kg + 6 t ha-1)e0
- Outcome
- head diametere0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 17.03cme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the interaction effect of both N and FYM (235 kg + 6 t ha-1), respectively was highly significantly (P<0.001) recorded highest head height (18.14cm), highest head diameter (17.03cm), highest untrimmed head weight (2296.67g), highest trimmed head weight (1766.67g), maximum (107.47 t ha -1 ) yield with wrapper head cabbage, highest head yield without wrapper (72.36 t ha -1 ) and maximum biomass yield (107.47 t ha -1 ) of head cabbage”
t0“Head Cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
The combination gave untrimmed head weight 2296.67g.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatat0
- Treatment
- N and FYM (235 kg + 6 t ha-1)e0
- Outcome
- untrimmed head weighte0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 2296.67ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the interaction effect of both N and FYM (235 kg + 6 t ha-1), respectively was highly significantly (P<0.001) recorded highest head height (18.14cm), highest head diameter (17.03cm), highest untrimmed head weight (2296.67g), highest trimmed head weight (1766.67g), maximum (107.47 t ha -1 ) yield with wrapper head cabbage, highest head yield without wrapper (72.36 t ha -1 ) and maximum biomass yield (107.47 t ha -1 ) of head cabbage”
t0“Head Cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
The combination gave trimmed head weight 1766.67g.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatat0
- Treatment
- N and FYM (235 kg + 6 t ha-1)e0
- Outcome
- trimmed head weighte0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 1766.67ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the interaction effect of both N and FYM (235 kg + 6 t ha-1), respectively was highly significantly (P<0.001) recorded highest head height (18.14cm), highest head diameter (17.03cm), highest untrimmed head weight (2296.67g), highest trimmed head weight (1766.67g), maximum (107.47 t ha -1 ) yield with wrapper head cabbage, highest head yield without wrapper (72.36 t ha -1 ) and maximum biomass yield (107.47 t ha -1 ) of head cabbage”
t0“Head Cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
The combination gave yield with wrapper 107.47 t ha -1.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatat0
- Treatment
- N and FYM (235 kg + 6 t ha-1)e0
- Outcome
- yield with wrappere0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 107.47 t ha -1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the interaction effect of both N and FYM (235 kg + 6 t ha-1), respectively was highly significantly (P<0.001) recorded highest head height (18.14cm), highest head diameter (17.03cm), highest untrimmed head weight (2296.67g), highest trimmed head weight (1766.67g), maximum (107.47 t ha -1 ) yield with wrapper head cabbage, highest head yield without wrapper (72.36 t ha -1 ) and maximum biomass yield (107.47 t ha -1 ) of head cabbage”
t0“Head Cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
The combination gave yield without wrapper 72.36 t ha -1.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatat0
- Treatment
- N and FYM (235 kg + 6 t ha-1)e0
- Outcome
- head yield without wrappere0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 72.36 t ha -1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the interaction effect of both N and FYM (235 kg + 6 t ha-1), respectively was highly significantly (P<0.001) recorded highest head height (18.14cm), highest head diameter (17.03cm), highest untrimmed head weight (2296.67g), highest trimmed head weight (1766.67g), maximum (107.47 t ha -1 ) yield with wrapper head cabbage, highest head yield without wrapper (72.36 t ha -1 ) and maximum biomass yield (107.47 t ha -1 ) of head cabbage”
t0“Head Cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
The combination gave biomass yield 107.47 t ha -1.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatat0
- Treatment
- N and FYM (235 kg + 6 t ha-1)e0
- Outcome
- biomass yielde0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 107.47 t ha -1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the interaction effect of both N and FYM (235 kg + 6 t ha-1), respectively was highly significantly (P<0.001) recorded highest head height (18.14cm), highest head diameter (17.03cm), highest untrimmed head weight (2296.67g), highest trimmed head weight (1766.67g), maximum (107.47 t ha -1 ) yield with wrapper head cabbage, highest head yield without wrapper (72.36 t ha -1 ) and maximum biomass yield (107.47 t ha -1 ) of head cabbage”
t0“Head Cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
Marketable head yield rose as fertilizer rates increased to 235 kg N ha -1 and 6 t FYM ha -1, then declined above that combination.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatat0
- Treatment
- combined application of 235 kg N ha -1 from UREA and 6 t FYM ha -1e0
- Outcome
- marketable head yielde0
- Direction
- increasing trende0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was an increasing trend in the yield without wrapper or marketable head yield parameter with the increasing in the rate till combined application of 235 kg N ha -1 from UREA and 6 t FYM ha -1 , but the yield declined above these combinations”
t0“Head Cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
The 235 kg N ha -1 plus 6 t ha -1 FYM combination gave the highest net benefit and a 2535.31% marginal rate of return.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatat0
- Treatment
- treatment combinations of 235 kg N ha -1 with 6 t ha -1e0
- Outcome
- net benefite0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 2535.31%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Based on partial budget analysis the highest net benefit was obtained from treatment combinations of 235 kg N ha -1 with 6 t ha -1 with a marginal rate of return 2535.31%”
t0“Head Cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend 235 kg N ha -1 plus 6 t FYM ha -1 for optimum cabbage head yield.
Verbatim
e0“application of 235 kg N ha -1 + 6 t FYM ha -1 can give optimum cabbage head yield in the study area”
t0“Head Cabbage”
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