Abstract
Abstract Lead (Pb) toxicity is a major environmental concern affirming the need of proper mitigation strategies. In the present work, potential of combined treatment of 24-Epibrassinolide (24-EBL) and Salicylic acid (SA) against Pb toxicity to Brassica juncea L. seedlings were evaluated. Seedlings pre-imbibed in EBL (0.1 mM) and SA (1 mM) individually and in combination, were sown in Pb supplemented petri-plates (0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 mM). Various microscopic observations and biochemical analysis were made on 10 days old seedlings of B . juncea . The toxic effects of Pb were evident with enhancement in in-situ accumulation of Pb, hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), malondialdehyde (MDA), nuclear damage, membrane damage, cell death and polyamine. Furthermore, free amino acid were lowered in response to Pb toxicity. The levels of osmoprotectants including total carbohydrate, reducing sugars, trehalose, proline and glycine betaine were elevated in response to Pb treatment. Soaking treatment with combination of 24-EBL and SA led to effective amelioration of toxic effects of Pb. Reduction in Pb accumulation, reactive oxygen content (ROS), cellular damage and GSH levels were noticed in response to treatment with 24-EBL and SA individual and combined levels. The contents of free amino acid, amino acid profiling as well as in-situ localization of polyamine (spermidine) was recorded to be enhanced by co-application of 24-EBLand SA. Binary treatment of 24-EBL and SA, further elevated the content of osmoprotectants. The study revealed that co-application of combined treatment of 24-EBL and SA led to dimination of toxic effects of Pb in B . juncea seedlings.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Pb toxicity increased in-situ Pb accumulation, hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde in B. juncea seedlings.
- Taxon
- Brassica juncea L.
Brassica junceae1 - Organ / stage
- seedlingse1
- Treatment
- Pb supplemented petri-plates (0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 mM)e2
- Outcome
- in-situ accumulation of Pb, hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), malondialdehyde (MDA)e3
- Direction
- enhancemente3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“potential of combined treatment of 24-Epibrassinolide (24-EBL) and Salicylic acid (SA) against Pb toxicity to Brassica juncea L. seedlings were evaluated”
e2“Seedlings pre-imbibed in EBL (0.1 mM) and SA (1 mM) individually and in combination, were sown in Pb supplemented petri-plates (0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 mM)”
e3“The toxic effects of Pb were evident with enhancement in in-situ accumulation of Pb, hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), malondialdehyde (MDA), nuclear damage, membrane damage, cell death and polyamine”
Claim · model-written summary
Pb toxicity increased nuclear damage, membrane damage and cell death in B. juncea seedlings.
- Taxon
- Brassica juncea L.Brassica junceae1
- Organ / stage
- seedlingse1
- Treatment
- Pb toxicitye1
- Outcome
- nuclear damage, membrane damage, cell deathe3
- Direction
- enhancemente3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“potential of combined treatment of 24-Epibrassinolide (24-EBL) and Salicylic acid (SA) against Pb toxicity to Brassica juncea L. seedlings were evaluated”
e3“The toxic effects of Pb were evident with enhancement in in-situ accumulation of Pb, hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), malondialdehyde (MDA), nuclear damage, membrane damage, cell death and polyamine”
Claim · model-written summary
Pb toxicity increased polyamine levels in B. juncea seedlings.
- Taxon
- Brassica juncea L.Brassica junceae1
- Organ / stage
- seedlingse1
- Treatment
- Pb toxicitye1
- Outcome
- polyaminee3
- Direction
- enhancemente3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“potential of combined treatment of 24-Epibrassinolide (24-EBL) and Salicylic acid (SA) against Pb toxicity to Brassica juncea L. seedlings were evaluated”
e3“The toxic effects of Pb were evident with enhancement in in-situ accumulation of Pb, hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), malondialdehyde (MDA), nuclear damage, membrane damage, cell death and polyamine”
Claim · model-written summary
Pb toxicity lowered free amino acid in B. juncea seedlings.
- Taxon
- Brassica juncea L.Brassica junceae1
- Organ / stage
- seedlingse1
- Treatment
- Pb toxicitye4
- Outcome
- free amino acide4
- Direction
- lowerede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“potential of combined treatment of 24-Epibrassinolide (24-EBL) and Salicylic acid (SA) against Pb toxicity to Brassica juncea L. seedlings were evaluated”
e4“Furthermore, free amino acid were lowered in response to Pb toxicity”
Claim · model-written summary
Pb treatment elevated total carbohydrate, reducing sugars and trehalose in B. juncea seedlings.
- Taxon
- Brassica juncea L.Brassica junceae1
- Organ / stage
- seedlingse1
- Treatment
- Pb treatmente5
- Outcome
- total carbohydrate, reducing sugars, trehalosee5
- Direction
- elevatede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“potential of combined treatment of 24-Epibrassinolide (24-EBL) and Salicylic acid (SA) against Pb toxicity to Brassica juncea L. seedlings were evaluated”
e5“The levels of osmoprotectants including total carbohydrate, reducing sugars, trehalose, proline and glycine betaine were elevated in response to Pb treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Pb treatment elevated proline and glycine betaine in B. juncea seedlings.
- Taxon
- Brassica juncea L.Brassica junceae1
- Organ / stage
- seedlingse1
- Treatment
- Pb treatmente5
- Outcome
- proline and glycine betainee5
- Direction
- elevatede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“potential of combined treatment of 24-Epibrassinolide (24-EBL) and Salicylic acid (SA) against Pb toxicity to Brassica juncea L. seedlings were evaluated”
e5“The levels of osmoprotectants including total carbohydrate, reducing sugars, trehalose, proline and glycine betaine were elevated in response to Pb treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined 24-EBL and SA treatment effectively ameliorated the toxic effects of Pb in B. juncea seedlings.
- Taxon
- Brassica juncea L.Brassica junceae1
- Organ / stage
- seedlingse1
- Treatment
- combination of 24-EBL and SAe6
- Outcome
- toxic effects of Pbe6
- Direction
- effective amelioratione6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“potential of combined treatment of 24-Epibrassinolide (24-EBL) and Salicylic acid (SA) against Pb toxicity to Brassica juncea L. seedlings were evaluated”
e6“Soaking treatment with combination of 24-EBL and SA led to effective amelioration of toxic effects of Pb”
Claim · model-written summary
Individual and combined 24-EBL and SA treatments reduced Pb accumulation, ROS and cellular damage in B. juncea seedlings.
- Taxon
- Brassica juncea L.Brassica junceae1
- Organ / stage
- seedlingse1
- Treatment
- treatment with 24-EBL and SAe7
- Outcome
- Pb accumulation, reactive oxygen content (ROS), cellular damagee7
- Direction
- Reductione7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“potential of combined treatment of 24-Epibrassinolide (24-EBL) and Salicylic acid (SA) against Pb toxicity to Brassica juncea L. seedlings were evaluated”
e7“Reduction in Pb accumulation, reactive oxygen content (ROS), cellular damage and GSH levels were noticed in response to treatment with 24-EBL and SA individual and combined levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Individual and combined 24-EBL and SA treatments reduced GSH levels in B. juncea seedlings.
- Taxon
- Brassica juncea L.Brassica junceae1
- Organ / stage
- seedlingse1
- Treatment
- treatment with 24-EBL and SAe7
- Outcome
- GSH levelse7
- Direction
- Reductione7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“potential of combined treatment of 24-Epibrassinolide (24-EBL) and Salicylic acid (SA) against Pb toxicity to Brassica juncea L. seedlings were evaluated”
e7“Reduction in Pb accumulation, reactive oxygen content (ROS), cellular damage and GSH levels were noticed in response to treatment with 24-EBL and SA individual and combined levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-application of 24-EBL and SA enhanced free amino acid content, amino acid profiling and in-situ spermidine localization in B. juncea seedlings.
- Taxon
- Brassica juncea L.Brassica junceae1
- Organ / stage
- seedlingse1
- Treatment
- co-application of 24-EBLand SAe0
- Outcome
- free amino acid, amino acid profiling as well as in-situ localization of polyamine (spermidine)e0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“potential of combined treatment of 24-Epibrassinolide (24-EBL) and Salicylic acid (SA) against Pb toxicity to Brassica juncea L. seedlings were evaluated”
e0“The contents of free amino acid, amino acid profiling as well as in-situ localization of polyamine (spermidine) was recorded to be enhanced by co-application of 24-EBLand SA”
Claim · model-written summary
Binary 24-EBL and SA treatment further elevated osmoprotectant content in B. juncea seedlings.
- Taxon
- Brassica juncea L.Brassica junceae1
- Organ / stage
- seedlingse1
- Treatment
- Binary treatment of 24-EBL and SAe0
- Outcome
- content of osmoprotectantse0
- Direction
- further elevatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“potential of combined treatment of 24-Epibrassinolide (24-EBL) and Salicylic acid (SA) against Pb toxicity to Brassica juncea L. seedlings were evaluated”
e0“Binary treatment of 24-EBL and SA, further elevated the content of osmoprotectants”
The same questions in other papers
lead atom · molecular: metabolites · Brassica juncea (Indian mustard)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
salicylic acid · molecular: metabolites · Brassica juncea (Indian mustard)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
24-epi-brassinolide · nutrient: content · Brassica juncea (Indian mustard)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
salicylic acid · nutrient: content · Brassica juncea (Indian mustard)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
salicylic acid · physiology: oxidative · Brassica juncea (Indian mustard)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
lead atom · physiology: oxidative · Brassica juncea (Indian mustard)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
- negative
- negative
24-epi-brassinolide · physiology: oxidative · Brassica juncea (Indian mustard)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →24-epi-brassinolide · molecular: metabolites · Brassica juncea (Indian mustard)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →8 of 10 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.