Abstract
The effect of various food oils in reducing postharvest pitting of white 'Marsh' grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) has been studied since the 1999-2000 season. In the first study, 2.3% postharvest pitting was found in white 'Marsh' grapefruit dipped with soybean oil and then waxed. In contrast, fruit treated with petroleum oil (motor oil) and then waxed or fruit coated with shellac wax induced 62.5 and 76.1% postharvest pitting, respectively. There was no obvious difference in fruit decay among the above treatments. In the second study, there was no postharvest pitting in fruit treated with soybean, canola, or corn oil and then waxed with shellac wax. Petroleum oil, shellac wax, or shellac wax containing 10% vegetable oil significantly increased pitting of grapefruit. There were no significant differences in fruit weight loss or decay among these treatments. In this study, fruit internal oxygen concentration was lower in all treatments. However, in the first study 8.4% oxygen was found in fruit treated with soybean oil, which was relatively higher when compared to shellac waxed fruit (5.1%). In the third and fourth studies, oil-wax emulsions were developed and the effect on reduction of pitting was tested. However, oil-wax emulsions did not improve the reduction of pitting. These studies indicate that proper application of food oils can successfully control postharvest pitting of white 'Marsh' grapefruit.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean oil followed by waxing yielded 2.3% postharvest pitting in Marsh grapefruit.
- Taxon
- grapefruit
_Pompelino_Grapefruit_002.jpg?width=60)
Citrus ×paradisie0 - Material
- 'Marsh'e0
- Treatment
- dipped with soybean oil and then waxede0
- Outcome
- postharvest pittinge0
- Value
- 2.3%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Pompelino_Grapefruit_002.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“2.3% postharvest pitting was found in white 'Marsh' grapefruit dipped with soybean oil and then waxed”
Claim · model-written summary
Petroleum oil followed by waxing yielded 62.5% pitting.
- Taxon
- grapefruitCitrus ×paradisit0
- Treatment
- petroleum oil (motor oil) and then waxede0
- Outcome
- postharvest pittinge0
- Direction
- inducede0
- Value
- 62.5e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fruit treated with petroleum oil (motor oil) and then waxed or fruit coated with shellac wax induced 62.5 and 76.1% postharvest pitting, respectively”
t0“grapefruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Shellac wax coating yielded 76.1% pitting.
- Taxon
- grapefruitCitrus ×paradisit0
- Treatment
- shellac waxe0
- Outcome
- postharvest pittinge0
- Direction
- inducede0
- Value
- 76.1%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fruit treated with petroleum oil (motor oil) and then waxed or fruit coated with shellac wax induced 62.5 and 76.1% postharvest pitting, respectively”
t0“grapefruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit decay showed no obvious difference among the first study treatments.
- Taxon
- grapefruitCitrus ×paradisit0
- Treatment
- soybean oil and then waxede1
- Outcome
- fruit decaye0
- Direction
- no obvious differencee0
- Comparator
- above treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was no obvious difference in fruit decay among the above treatments.”
e1“dipped with soybean oil and then waxed”
t0“grapefruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean oil followed by shellac wax gave no postharvest pitting in the second study.
- Taxon
- grapefruitCitrus ×paradisit0
- Treatment
- soybeane0
- Outcome
- no postharvest pittinge0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there was no postharvest pitting in fruit treated with soybean, canola, or corn oil and then waxed with shellac wax”
t0“grapefruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Canola oil followed by shellac wax gave no postharvest pitting.
- Taxon
- grapefruitCitrus ×paradisit0
- Treatment
- canolae0
- Outcome
- no postharvest pittinge0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there was no postharvest pitting in fruit treated with soybean, canola, or corn oil and then waxed with shellac wax”
t0“grapefruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn oil followed by shellac wax gave no postharvest pitting.
- Taxon
- grapefruitCitrus ×paradisit0
- Treatment
- corn oile0
- Outcome
- no postharvest pittinge0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there was no postharvest pitting in fruit treated with soybean, canola, or corn oil and then waxed with shellac wax”
t0“grapefruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Petroleum oil significantly increased grapefruit pitting.
- Taxon
- grapefruitCitrus ×paradisie0
- Treatment
- Petroleum oile0
- Outcome
- pitting of grapefruite0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Petroleum oil, shellac wax, or shellac wax containing 10% vegetable oil significantly increased pitting of grapefruit.”
Claim · model-written summary
Shellac wax significantly increased grapefruit pitting.
- Taxon
- grapefruitCitrus ×paradisie0
- Treatment
- shellac waxe0
- Outcome
- pitting of grapefruite0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Petroleum oil, shellac wax, or shellac wax containing 10% vegetable oil significantly increased pitting of grapefruit.”
Claim · model-written summary
Shellac wax containing 10% vegetable oil significantly increased grapefruit pitting.
- Taxon
- grapefruitCitrus ×paradisie0
- Treatment
- shellac wax containing 10% vegetable oile0
- Outcome
- pitting of grapefruite0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Petroleum oil, shellac wax, or shellac wax containing 10% vegetable oil significantly increased pitting of grapefruit.”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit weight loss did not differ significantly among second study treatments.
- Taxon
- grapefruitCitrus ×paradisit0
- Treatment
- these treatmentse0
- Outcome
- fruit weight losse0
- Direction
- no significant differencese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There were no significant differences in fruit weight loss or decay among these treatments.”
t0“grapefruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit decay did not differ significantly among second study treatments.
- Taxon
- grapefruitCitrus ×paradisit0
- Treatment
- these treatmentse0
- Outcome
- decaye0
- Direction
- no significant differencese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There were no significant differences in fruit weight loss or decay among these treatments.”
t0“grapefruit”
Claim · model-written summary
All treatments lowered fruit internal oxygen concentration.
- Taxon
- grapefruitCitrus ×paradisit0
- Treatment
- all treatmentse0
- Outcome
- fruit internal oxygen concentratione0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fruit internal oxygen concentration was lower in all treatments.”
t0“grapefruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean oil treated fruit had 8.4% internal oxygen.
- Taxon
- grapefruitCitrus ×paradisit0
- Treatment
- soybean oile0
- Outcome
- oxygene0
- Value
- 8.4%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“8.4% oxygen was found in fruit treated with soybean oil”
t0“grapefruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Shellac waxed fruit had 5.1% internal oxygen, lower than soybean oil treated fruit.
- Taxon
- grapefruitCitrus ×paradisit0
- Treatment
- shellac waxede0
- Outcome
- oxygene1
- Value
- 5.1%e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soybean oil, which was relatively higher when compared to shellac waxed fruit (5.1%)”
e1“oxygen was found in fruit treated with soybean oil”
t0“grapefruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Oil-wax emulsions did not improve pitting reduction.
- Taxon
- grapefruitCitrus ×paradisit0
- Treatment
- oil-wax emulsionse0
- Outcome
- reduction of pittinge0
- Direction
- did not improvee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“oil-wax emulsions did not improve the reduction of pitting”
t0“grapefruit”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that proper food-oil application can control postharvest pitting in Marsh grapefruit.
- Taxon
- grapefruitCitrus ×paradisie0
- Material
- 'Marsh'e0
- Outcome
- proper application of food oilse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“proper application of food oils can successfully control postharvest pitting of white 'Marsh' grapefruit”