Abstract
The following study was conducted in 2016 and 2017 to determine the impact of frequent foliar copper (Cu) applications on Huanglongbing (HLB)-affected Citrus sinensis cv. Valencia orange. The experiment was conducted in a psyllid-free greenhouse with HLB-positive and non-HLB control trees grown in an Immokalee fine sand soil. The trees were well-maintained to promote health. Cu was applied to the foliage at 0x, 0.5x, 1x, and 2x the commercially recommended rates, which were 0, 46, 92, and 184 m m , respectively, with applications made 3x in both 2016 and 2017. The impact of HLB and Cu treatments on leaf and root Cu concentrations, vegetative growth, Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus ( C Lasiaticus) genome copy number, and acquisition of other essential nutrients were determined. HLB caused the roots to acidify the soil more than non-HLB controls, which promoted Cu availability and promoted greater Cu concentrations in leaves and roots. HLB and Cu application treatments suppressed leaf area and total root length observable in rhizotron tubes such that, by the end of the experiment, leaf, stem, root, and whole-plant dry weights were reduced. HLB reduced foliar concentrations of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn) and possibly iron (Fe), but HLB did not affect root concentrations of these same essential nutrients. Cu application treatments did not affect leaf or root concentrations of other essential nutrients except foliar concentration of Fe, which may have been suppressed. Foliar applications of Cu are used to suppress Xanthomonas citri ssp. citri ( Xcc ) the causal agent of citrus canker, and the frequency of its use may need to be reconsidered in commercial groves.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
HLB made roots acidify soil more than controls.
- Taxon
- Citrus sinensis
Citrus sinensist0 - Treatment
- HLBe1
- Outcome
- roots to acidify the soile1
- Direction
- moree1
- Comparator
- non-HLB controlse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Citrus sinensis cv. Valencia”
e1“HLB caused the roots to acidify the soil more than non-HLB controls”
Claim · model-written summary
HLB increased copper availability and leaf and root copper concentrations.
- Taxon
- Citrus sinensisCitrus sinensist0
- Treatment
- HLBe1
- Outcome
- Cu concentrations in leaves and rootse2
- Direction
- greatere2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Citrus sinensis cv. Valencia”
e1“HLB caused the roots to acidify the soil more than non-HLB controls”
e2“promoted Cu availability and promoted greater Cu concentrations in leaves and roots”
Claim · model-written summary
HLB and Cu treatments suppressed leaf area and root length.
- Taxon
- Citrus sinensisCitrus sinensist0
- Treatment
- HLB and Cu application treatmentse3
- Outcome
- leaf area and total root lengthe3
- Direction
- suppressede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Citrus sinensis cv. Valencia”
e3“HLB and Cu application treatments suppressed leaf area and total root length observable in rhizotron tubes”
Claim · model-written summary
HLB and Cu treatments reduced leaf, stem, root and whole-plant dry weights.
- Taxon
- Citrus sinensisCitrus sinensist0
- Treatment
- HLB and Cu application treatmentse3
- Outcome
- leaf, stem, root, and whole-plant dry weightse4
- Direction
- reducede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Citrus sinensis cv. Valencia”
e3“HLB and Cu application treatments suppressed leaf area and total root length observable in rhizotron tubes”
e4“leaf, stem, root, and whole-plant dry weights were reduced”
Claim · model-written summary
HLB reduced foliar Ca, Mg, Mn and Zn concentrations, and possibly Fe.
- Taxon
- Citrus sinensisCitrus sinensist0
- Treatment
- HLBe5
- Outcome
- foliar concentrations of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn) and possibly iron (Fe)e5
- Direction
- reducede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Citrus sinensis cv. Valencia”
e5“HLB reduced foliar concentrations of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn) and possibly iron (Fe)”
Claim · model-written summary
HLB did not affect root concentrations of those nutrients.
- Taxon
- Citrus sinensisCitrus sinensist0
- Treatment
- HLBe6
- Outcome
- root concentrations of these same essential nutrientse6
- Direction
- did not affecte6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Citrus sinensis cv. Valencia”
e6“HLB did not affect root concentrations of these same essential nutrients”
Claim · model-written summary
Cu applications did not affect leaf or root concentrations of other nutrients.
- Taxon
- Citrus sinensisCitrus sinensist0
- Treatment
- Cu application treatmentse7
- Outcome
- leaf or root concentrations of other essential nutrientse7
- Direction
- did not affecte7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Citrus sinensis cv. Valencia”
e7“Cu application treatments did not affect leaf or root concentrations of other essential nutrients”
Claim · model-written summary
Cu applications may have suppressed foliar Fe.
- Taxon
- Citrus sinensisCitrus sinensist0
- Treatment
- Cu application treatmentse6
- Outcome
- foliar concentration of Fee7
- Direction
- suppressede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Citrus sinensis cv. Valencia”
e6“Cu application treatments did not affect leaf or root concentrations of other essential nutrients except”
e7“foliar concentration of Fe, which may have been suppressed”
The same questions in other papers
copper atom · molecular: metabolites · Citrus sinensis (sweet orange)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
copper atom · growth · Citrus sinensis (sweet orange)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
- negative
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4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →copper atom · nutrient: content · Citrus sinensis (sweet orange)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.