Abstract
Anthocyanins are important components in skins of red table grapes and contribute to the berries appearance, a key quality characteristic for customers. In recent years, exogenous foliage fertilizers has been applied to grapevines to improve the pigmentation of the fruit. The present study examines the effect on a biostimulant (SUNRED) pre-véraison application in the accumulation of anthocyanins in 'Red Globe' grapes, and investigates the related changes in expression of key genes and their enzyme activities in the flavonoid pathways. Additionally, abscisic acid (S-ABA) was also applied to grapevines to evaluate the comparative effect of SUNRED. Our analyses showed that total anthocyanin contents increased in both SUNRED and S-ABA treated grapes; for S-ABA, a 1% dilution (A100) of the commercially available stock solution treatments represented the greatest effect on pigmentation; for SUNRED, a 0.1% dilution (S1000) was most effective. The anthocyanin contents increased by 1.16-fold and 1.4-fold after A100 and S1000 treatments, respectively. The gene expression analyses showed that almost all genes involved in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway up-regulated after A100 and S1000 treatments, suggesting that the increment in total anthocyanin content was attributed to the increased expression level of related genes. Moreover, the activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), chalcone isomerase (CHI), UDP glucose: flavonoid 3-o-glucosyl transferase (UFGT) and dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR), key enzymes for biosynthesis of anthocyanin, were increased by the exogenous treatments. Overall, our findings clearly demonstrate that application of exogenous biostimulant have a positive effect on the pigment characteristics of grape crop.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Pre-véraison SUNRED application increased total anthocyanin content in Red Globe grapes.
- Taxon
- 'Red Globe' grapese1
- Treatment
- a biostimulant (SUNRED) pre-véraison applicatione1
- Outcome
- total anthocyanin contentse2
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e1“The present study examines the effect on a biostimulant (SUNRED) pre-véraison application in the accumulation of anthocyanins in 'Red Globe' grapes”
e2“total anthocyanin contents increased in both SUNRED and S-ABA treated grapes”
Claim · model-written summary
S-ABA application increased total anthocyanin content in grapes, compared with SUNRED.
Verbatim
e2“total anthocyanin contents increased in both SUNRED and S-ABA treated grapes”
e3“Additionally, abscisic acid (S-ABA) was also applied to grapevines to evaluate the comparative effect of SUNRED”
Claim · model-written summary
A 1% S-ABA dilution (A100) had the greatest effect on pigmentation among the S-ABA treatments.
- Taxon
- grapese2
- Treatment
- a 1% dilution (A100) of the commercially available stock solutione4
- Outcome
- pigmentatione4
- Direction
- greatest effecte4
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e2“total anthocyanin contents increased in both SUNRED and S-ABA treated grapes”
e4“for S-ABA, a 1% dilution (A100) of the commercially available stock solution treatments represented the greatest effect on pigmentation”
Claim · model-written summary
The 0.1% SUNRED dilution (S1000) was the most effective SUNRED treatment for anthocyanin accumulation.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e2“total anthocyanin contents increased in both SUNRED and S-ABA treated grapes”
e5“for SUNRED, a 0.1% dilution (S1000) was most effective”
Claim · model-written summary
A100 increased anthocyanin content 1.16-fold in grapes.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e2“total anthocyanin contents increased in both SUNRED and S-ABA treated grapes”
e6“The anthocyanin contents increased by 1.16-fold and 1.4-fold after A100 and S1000 treatments, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
S1000 increased anthocyanin content 1.4-fold in grapes.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e2“total anthocyanin contents increased in both SUNRED and S-ABA treated grapes”
e6“The anthocyanin contents increased by 1.16-fold and 1.4-fold after A100 and S1000 treatments, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Almost all anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway genes were up-regulated after A100 and S1000 treatments in grapes.
- Taxon
- grapese2
- Treatment
- A100 and S1000 treatmentse7
- Outcome
- almost all genes involved in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathwaye7
- Direction
- up-regulatede7
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e2“total anthocyanin contents increased in both SUNRED and S-ABA treated grapes”
e7“The gene expression analyses showed that almost all genes involved in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway up-regulated after A100 and S1000 treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous treatments increased the activities of PAL and CHI in grapes.
- Taxon
- grapese2
- Treatment
- exogenous treatmentse7
- Gene
- phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), chalcone isomerase (CHI)e7
- Outcome
- activitiese7
- Direction
- increasede7
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e2“total anthocyanin contents increased in both SUNRED and S-ABA treated grapes”
e7“the activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), chalcone isomerase (CHI), UDP glucose: flavonoid 3-o-glucosyl transferase (UFGT) and dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR), key enzymes for biosynthesis of anthocyanin, were increased by the exogenous treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous treatments increased the activities of UFGT and DFR in grapes.
- Taxon
- grapese2
- Treatment
- exogenous treatmentse7
- Gene
- UDP glucose: flavonoid 3-o-glucosyl transferase (UFGT) and dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR)e7
- Outcome
- activitiese7
- Direction
- increasede7
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e2“total anthocyanin contents increased in both SUNRED and S-ABA treated grapes”
e7“the activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), chalcone isomerase (CHI), UDP glucose: flavonoid 3-o-glucosyl transferase (UFGT) and dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR), key enzymes for biosynthesis of anthocyanin, were increased by the exogenous treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
The increase in total anthocyanin content is suggested to be attributed to increased expression of related genes.
Verbatim
e2“total anthocyanin contents increased in both SUNRED and S-ABA treated grapes”
e7“suggesting that the increment in total anthocyanin content was attributed to the increased expression level of related genes”
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See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.