Abstract
Chilling and lodging are major threats to wheat production. However, strategies that can be used to effectively mitigate the adverse effects of these threats are still far from clear. Mechanical wounding is a traditional agronomic measure, whereas information about the role it plays in wheat chilling and lodging is scant. The aim of the present study was to investigate mechanisms underlying the protective roles of mechanical wounding in alleviating damage from chilling at jointing stage and enhancing lodging resistance after anthesis of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Our data show that net photosynthesis rate, maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II, activity of the antioxidant enzymes and osmolytes were significantly increased in the latest fully expanded leaves of wounded plants under chilling. Wounding also reduced hydrogen peroxide accumulation, electrolyte leakage and water loss in wounded plants. Moreover, mechanical wounding significantly reduced the length but increased the diameter and wall thickness of the basal second internode of the main stem. Quantitative and histochemical analysis further indicated that wounding increased lignin accumulation and activity of enzymes involved in lignin synthesis, which resulted in increased mechanical strength and the lodging resistance index in the main stem. We conclude from our data that mechanical wounding confers both cold tolerance by alleviating the damage caused by chilling at jointing stage and lodging resistance after anthesis of wheat plants.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Wounding increased leaf photosynthesis and photosystem II efficiency under chilling.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Organ / stage
- latest fully expanded leavese0
- Treatment
- wounded plantse0
- Outcome
- net photosynthesis rate, maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem IIe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- under chillinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“net photosynthesis rate, maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II, activity of the antioxidant enzymes and osmolytes were significantly increased in the latest fully expanded leaves of wounded plants under chilling.”
t0“wheat plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Wounding increased antioxidant enzyme activity and osmolytes under chilling.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- latest fully expanded leavese0
- Treatment
- wounded plantse0
- Outcome
- activity of the antioxidant enzymes and osmolytese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- under chillinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“net photosynthesis rate, maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II, activity of the antioxidant enzymes and osmolytes were significantly increased in the latest fully expanded leaves of wounded plants under chilling.”
t0“wheat plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Wounding reduced hydrogen peroxide, electrolyte leakage and water loss.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Woundinge0
- Outcome
- hydrogen peroxide accumulation, electrolyte leakage and water losse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wounding also reduced hydrogen peroxide accumulation, electrolyte leakage and water loss in wounded plants.”
t0“wheat plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Wounding shortened the basal second internode.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- basal second internode of the main steme0
- Treatment
- mechanical woundinge0
- Outcome
- lengthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mechanical wounding significantly reduced the length but increased the diameter and wall thickness of the basal second internode of the main stem.”
t0“wheat plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Wounding increased basal second internode diameter and wall thickness.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- basal second internode of the main steme0
- Treatment
- mechanical woundinge0
- Outcome
- diameter and wall thicknesse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mechanical wounding significantly reduced the length but increased the diameter and wall thickness of the basal second internode of the main stem.”
t0“wheat plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Wounding increased lignin accumulation and lignin synthesis enzyme activity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- woundinge0
- Outcome
- lignin accumulation and activity of enzymes involved in lignin synthesise0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wounding increased lignin accumulation and activity of enzymes involved in lignin synthesis”
t0“wheat plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Wounding increased stem mechanical strength and lodging resistance index.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- main steme0
- Treatment
- woundinge1
- Outcome
- mechanical strength and the lodging resistance indexe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“which resulted in increased mechanical strength and the lodging resistance index in the main stem.”
t0“wheat plants”
e1“wounding increased lignin accumulation and activity of enzymes involved in lignin synthesis”
The same questions in other papers
mechanical · disease · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
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- negative
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mechanical · growth · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
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See all 9 papers →mechanical · physiology: photosynthesis · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
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mechanical · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
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mechanical · physiology: water · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.