Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA) plays a crucial role in the interactions between plants and pathogens, and identifying disease-related miRNAs could help us understand the mechanisms underlying plant disease pathogenesis and breed resistant varieties. However, the role of miRNA in wheat defense responses remains largely unexplored. The miR397 family is highly conserved in plants and involved in plant development and defense response. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the function of tae-miR397 in wheat resistance to powdery mildew. The expression pattern analysis revealed that tae-miR397 expression was higher in young leaves than in other tissues and was significantly decreased in wheat Bainong207 leaves after Blumeria graminis (Bgt) infection and chitin treatment. Additionally, the expression of tae-miR397 was significantly down-regulated by salicylic acid and induced under jasmonate treatment. The overexpression of tae-miR397 in common wheat Bainong207 enhanced the wheat’s susceptibility to powdery mildew in the seedling and adult stages. The rate of Bgt spore germination and mycelial growth in transgenic wheat plants overexpressing tae-miR397 was faster than in the untransformed wild-type plants. The target gene of tae-miR397 was predicted to be a wound-induced protein (Tae-WIP), and the function was investigated. We demonstrated that silencing of Tae-WIP via barley-stripe-mosaic-virus-induced gene silencing enhanced wheat’s susceptibility to powdery mildew. qRT-PCR indicated that tae-miR397 regulated wheat immunity by controlling pathogenesis-related gene expressions. Moreover, the transgenic plants overexpressing tae-miR397 exhibited more tillers than the wild-type plants. This work suggests that tae-miR397 is a negative regulator of resistance against powdery mildew and has great potential for breeding disease-resistant cultivars.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
tae-miR397 expression was higher in young leaves than other tissues.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Organ / stage
- young leavese0
- Gene
- tae-miR397e0
- Outcome
- tae-miR397 expressione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- other tissuese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tae-miR397 expression was higher in young leaves than in other tissues”
e1“The expression pattern analysis revealed that tae-miR397 expression was higher in young leaves than in other tissues and was significantly decreased in wheat Bainong207 leaves after Blumeria graminis (Bgt) infection and chitin treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
Blumeria infection significantly decreased tae-miR397 expression in Bainong207 leaves.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Bainong207e0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- Blumeria graminis (Bgt) infectione0
- Interactor
- Blumeria graminis
Blumeria graminise0pathogen - Outcome
- tae-miR397e1
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“was significantly decreased in wheat Bainong207 leaves after Blumeria graminis (Bgt) infection and chitin treatment.”
e1“The expression pattern analysis revealed that tae-miR397 expression was higher in young leaves than in other tissues and was significantly decreased in wheat Bainong207 leaves after Blumeria graminis (Bgt) infection and chitin treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
Chitin treatment significantly decreased tae-miR397 expression in Bainong207 wheat leaves.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Bainong207e0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- chitin treatmente0
- Outcome
- tae-miR397e1
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“was significantly decreased in wheat Bainong207 leaves after Blumeria graminis (Bgt) infection and chitin treatment.”
e1“The expression pattern analysis revealed that tae-miR397 expression was higher in young leaves than in other tissues and was significantly decreased in wheat Bainong207 leaves after Blumeria graminis (Bgt) infection and chitin treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid significantly downregulated tae-miR397 expression.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- salicylic acide0
- Gene
- tae-miR397e0
- Outcome
- expression of tae-miR397e0
- Direction
- down-regulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the expression of tae-miR397 was significantly down-regulated by salicylic acid”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Jasmonate induced tae-miR397 expression.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- jasmonate treatmente0
- Gene
- tae-miR397e1
- Outcome
- tae-miR397e1
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“induced under jasmonate treatment.”
e1“The expression pattern analysis revealed that tae-miR397 expression was higher in young leaves than in other tissues and was significantly decreased in wheat Bainong207 leaves after Blumeria graminis (Bgt) infection and chitin treatment.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Overexpressing tae-miR397 increased Bainong207 wheat susceptibility to powdery mildew at seedling stage.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Bainong207e0
- Organ / stage
- seedlinge0
- Treatment
- overexpression of tae-miR397e0
- Gene
- tae-miR397e0
- Outcome
- susceptibility to powdery mildewe0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The overexpression of tae-miR397 in common wheat Bainong207 enhanced the wheat’s susceptibility to powdery mildew in the seedling and adult stages.”
Claim · model-written summary
Overexpressing tae-miR397 increased Bainong207 wheat susceptibility to powdery mildew at adult stage.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Bainong207e0
- Organ / stage
- adulte0
- Treatment
- overexpression of tae-miR397e0
- Gene
- tae-miR397e0
- Outcome
- susceptibility to powdery mildewe0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The overexpression of tae-miR397 in common wheat Bainong207 enhanced the wheat’s susceptibility to powdery mildew in the seedling and adult stages.”
Claim · model-written summary
Bgt spores germinated faster on tae-miR397-overexpressing wheat than wild type.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- overexpressing tae-miR397e0
- Interactor
- Bgte0pathogen
- Gene
- tae-miR397e0
- Outcome
- Bgt spore germinatione0
- Direction
- fastere0
- Comparator
- untransformed wild-type plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The rate of Bgt spore germination and mycelial growth in transgenic wheat plants overexpressing tae-miR397 was faster than in the untransformed wild-type plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Bgt mycelia grew faster on tae-miR397-overexpressing wheat than wild type.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- overexpressing tae-miR397e0
- Interactor
- Bgte0pathogen
- Gene
- tae-miR397e0
- Outcome
- Bgt spore germination and mycelial growthe0
- Direction
- fastere0
- Comparator
- untransformed wild-type plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The rate of Bgt spore germination and mycelial growth in transgenic wheat plants overexpressing tae-miR397 was faster than in the untransformed wild-type plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Tae-WIP was predicted as a tae-miR397 target gene.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Gene
- Tae-WIPe0
- Outcome
- target gene of tae-miR397 was predicted to be a wound-induced protein (Tae-WIP)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The target gene of tae-miR397 was predicted to be a wound-induced protein (Tae-WIP)”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing Tae-WIP increased wheat susceptibility to powdery mildew.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- silencing of Tae-WIPe0
- Gene
- Tae-WIPe0
- Outcome
- susceptibility to powdery mildewe0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“silencing of Tae-WIP via barley-stripe-mosaic-virus-induced gene silencing enhanced wheat’s susceptibility to powdery mildew.”
Claim · model-written summary
qRT-PCR indicated tae-miR397 controls pathogenesis-related gene expression in wheat immunity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Gene
- tae-miR397e0
- Outcome
- wheat immunitye0
- Qualifier
- controlling pathogenesis-related gene expressionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“qRT-PCR indicated that tae-miR397 regulated wheat immunity by controlling pathogenesis-related gene expressions.”
Claim · model-written summary
tae-miR397-overexpressing wheat plants had more tillers than wild type.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- overexpressing tae-miR397e0
- Gene
- tae-miR397e0
- Outcome
- tillerse0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- wild-type plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the transgenic plants overexpressing tae-miR397 exhibited more tillers than the wild-type plants.”
t0“Wheat”
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