Abstract
Soil replant disease is the main bottleneck interfering with tree growth of peach in soils with poor traits. A potted study was conducted to evaluate the effects of inoculation with an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF), Acauloapora scrobiculata, on plant growth, mineral nutrients, soil enzyme activities, soil microbial populations, and root exudate compositions of peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch) seedlings grown in replant soil and non-replant soil. After 15 weeks in AMF inoculation, replant soil heavily inhibited root mycorrhizal colonization. In replant soil, AMF inoculation significantly increased shoot biomass and root phosphorus, potassium, calcium, copper, zinc, iron, and boron concentrations. Mycorrhizal peach seedlings showed a higher number of soil bacteria and total microbes but a lower number of soil fungi under replant conditions, as well higher soil urease and acid phosphatase activity and lower soil sucrase and catalase activity. Greater soil aggregate stability was observed in mycorrhiza-inoculated replant soil than in non-mycorrhizal soil due to the increase of water-stable aggregates in 2–4 mm and 1–2 mm size. In addition, a total of 92 substances were identified in root exudates, and the mycorrhizosphere had considerably more root exudate compositions. AMF inoculation had a significantly inhibitive effect on the relative abundance of allelochemical substances, including benzoic acid, benzaldehyde, diisooctyl phthalate, phenols, and sterols, while there was an increase in diphenyl-ethanedione and à-(benzoyloxy)-benzeneacetonitrile in replanted peach. It was concluded that AMF inoculation could partly mitigate soil replant disease of peach through modulating soil microbe balance, improving soil aggregate stability, and changing root exudate compositions.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Replant soil heavily inhibited mycorrhizal root colonization after 15 weeks.
- Taxon
- peach
Prunus persicat0 - Treatment
- replant soile0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- root mycorrhizal colonizatione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After 15 weeks in AMF inoculation, replant soil heavily inhibited root mycorrhizal colonization.”
t0“peach”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculation increased peach shoot biomass in replant soil.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicat0
- Treatment
- AMF inoculatione0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- shoot biomasse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Setting
- replant soile0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In replant soil, AMF inoculation significantly increased shoot biomass and root phosphorus, potassium, calcium, copper, zinc, iron, and boron concentrations.”
t0“peach”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculation increased root phosphorus, potassium, calcium in peach roots in replant soil.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicat0
- Treatment
- AMF inoculatione0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- root phosphorus, potassium, calciume0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Setting
- replant soile0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In replant soil, AMF inoculation significantly increased shoot biomass and root phosphorus, potassium, calcium, copper, zinc, iron, and boron concentrations.”
t0“peach”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculation increased copper, zinc, iron in peach roots in replant soil.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicat0
- Treatment
- AMF inoculatione0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- copper, zinc, irone0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Setting
- replant soile0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In replant soil, AMF inoculation significantly increased shoot biomass and root phosphorus, potassium, calcium, copper, zinc, iron, and boron concentrations.”
t0“peach”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculation increased boron concentrations in peach roots in replant soil.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicat0
- Treatment
- AMF inoculatione0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- boron concentrationse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Setting
- replant soile0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In replant soil, AMF inoculation significantly increased shoot biomass and root phosphorus, potassium, calcium, copper, zinc, iron, and boron concentrations.”
t0“peach”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal peach seedlings had higher soil bacteria and total microbes under replant conditions.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicat0
- Outcome
- soil bacteria and total microbese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Setting
- replant conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mycorrhizal peach seedlings showed a higher number of soil bacteria and total microbes but a lower number of soil fungi under replant conditions, as well higher soil urease and acid phosphatase activity and lower soil sucrase and catalase activity.”
t0“peach”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal peach seedlings had lower soil fungi under replant conditions.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicat0
- Outcome
- soil fungie0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Setting
- replant conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mycorrhizal peach seedlings showed a higher number of soil bacteria and total microbes but a lower number of soil fungi under replant conditions, as well higher soil urease and acid phosphatase activity and lower soil sucrase and catalase activity.”
t0“peach”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal peach seedlings had higher soil urease and acid phosphatase activity under replant conditions.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicat0
- Outcome
- soil urease and acid phosphatase activitye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Setting
- replant conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mycorrhizal peach seedlings showed a higher number of soil bacteria and total microbes but a lower number of soil fungi under replant conditions, as well higher soil urease and acid phosphatase activity and lower soil sucrase and catalase activity.”
t0“peach”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal peach seedlings had lower soil sucrase and catalase activity under replant conditions.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicat0
- Outcome
- soil sucrase and catalase activitye0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Setting
- replant conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mycorrhizal peach seedlings showed a higher number of soil bacteria and total microbes but a lower number of soil fungi under replant conditions, as well higher soil urease and acid phosphatase activity and lower soil sucrase and catalase activity.”
t0“peach”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhiza inoculation increased soil aggregate stability relative to non-mycorrhizal soil.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicat0
- Treatment
- mycorrhiza-inoculatede0
- Outcome
- soil aggregate stabilitye0
- Direction
- Greatere0
- Comparator
- non-mycorrhizal soile0
- Setting
- replant soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Greater soil aggregate stability was observed in mycorrhiza-inoculated replant soil than in non-mycorrhizal soil due to the increase of water-stable aggregates in 2–4 mm and 1–2 mm size.”
t0“peach”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhiza inoculation increased water stable aggregates of 2–4 mm and 1–2 mm.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicat0
- Treatment
- mycorrhiza-inoculatede0
- Outcome
- water-stable aggregatese0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 2–4 mm and 1–2 mme0
- Comparator
- non-mycorrhizal soile0
- Setting
- replant soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Greater soil aggregate stability was observed in mycorrhiza-inoculated replant soil than in non-mycorrhizal soil due to the increase of water-stable aggregates in 2–4 mm and 1–2 mm size.”
t0“peach”
Claim · model-written summary
Ninety two substances were identified in peach root exudates.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicat0
- Outcome
- substances were identified in root exudatese0
- Value
- 92e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In addition, a total of 92 substances were identified in root exudates, and the mycorrhizosphere had considerably more root exudate compositions.”
t0“peach”
Claim · model-written summary
The mycorrhizosphere had more root exudate compositions.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicat0
- Outcome
- root exudate compositionse0
- Direction
- moree0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In addition, a total of 92 substances were identified in root exudates, and the mycorrhizosphere had considerably more root exudate compositions.”
t0“peach”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculation inhibited relative abundance of benzoic acid, benzaldehyde, diisooctyl phthalate.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicat0
- Treatment
- AMF inoculatione0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- benzoic acid, benzaldehyde, diisooctyl phthalatee0
- Direction
- inhibitivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AMF inoculation had a significantly inhibitive effect on the relative abundance of allelochemical substances, including benzoic acid, benzaldehyde, diisooctyl phthalate, phenols, and sterols, while there was an increase in diphenyl-ethanedione and à-(benzoyloxy)-benzeneacetonitrile in replanted peach.”
t0“peach”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculation inhibited relative abundance of phenols, and sterols.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicat0
- Treatment
- AMF inoculatione0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- phenols, and sterolse0
- Direction
- inhibitivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AMF inoculation had a significantly inhibitive effect on the relative abundance of allelochemical substances, including benzoic acid, benzaldehyde, diisooctyl phthalate, phenols, and sterols, while there was an increase in diphenyl-ethanedione and à-(benzoyloxy)-benzeneacetonitrile in replanted peach.”
t0“peach”
Claim · model-written summary
Diphenyl-ethanedione and à-(benzoyloxy)-benzeneacetonitrile increased in replanted peach.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicat0
- Outcome
- diphenyl-ethanedione and à-(benzoyloxy)-benzeneacetonitrilee0
- Direction
- increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AMF inoculation had a significantly inhibitive effect on the relative abundance of allelochemical substances, including benzoic acid, benzaldehyde, diisooctyl phthalate, phenols, and sterols, while there was an increase in diphenyl-ethanedione and à-(benzoyloxy)-benzeneacetonitrile in replanted peach.”
t0“peach”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that AMF inoculation could partly mitigate peach soil replant disease through changes in microbes, aggregates and exudates.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicae0
- Treatment
- AMF inoculatione0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- soil replant disease of peache0
- Qualifier
- modulating soil microbe balance, improving soil aggregate stability, and changing root exudate compositionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It was concluded that AMF inoculation could partly mitigate soil replant disease of peach through modulating soil microbe balance, improving soil aggregate stability, and changing root exudate compositions.”
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