Abstract
The current climate changes in the form of global warming are one of the leading threats to agricultural crops (including soybean and sunflower). To enable the crops to cope with the heat stress, innovative steps are needed to be taken as soon as possible. Fungal endophytes are known to secrete secondary metabolites that promote the growth of host plants under stress conditions. Therefore, we have isolated endophytic fungus from Euphorbia indica (a wild desert plant) and tested it for plant growth promoting activities. The culture filtrate of the fungal strains exhibited the presence of secondary metabolites. Higher amounts of indole acetic acid (IAA), salicylic acid (SA), flavonoids, and phenolics have been found in the culture filtrate. The 18S rDNA sequence homology and phylogenetic analysis revealed that the isolate is Aspergillus flavus . Soybean and sunflower seedlings were inoculated with the identified A. flavus . The A. flavus -associated seedlings along with the control (without A. flavus ) were monitored for thermal stress resistance in a growth chamber, operated at 25°C and 40°C. Control seedlings exposed to high temperature stress had higher levels of abscisic acid (ABA), proline, and lower levels of phenols, flavonoids, catalase, and ascorbic acid oxidase. Similarly, a higher reduction in chlorophyll, root-shoot length, and dry weight has been noticed in the control seedlings. The results suggested the usefulness of A . flavus in host plant growth promotion under heat stress conditions.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Culture filtrate of the endophytic fungus contained higher amounts of indole acetic acid, salicylic acid, flavonoids and phenolics.
- Taxon
- Euphorbia indica
Euphorbia indicae1 - Interactor
- endophytic funguse1symbiont
- Outcome
- amounts of indole acetic acid (IAA), salicylic acid (SA), flavonoids, and phenolicse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“isolated endophytic fungus from Euphorbia indica (a wild desert plant)”
e2“Higher amounts of indole acetic acid (IAA), salicylic acid (SA), flavonoids, and phenolics have been found in the culture filtrate”
Claim · model-written summary
The isolate from Euphorbia indica is Aspergillus flavus by 18S rDNA and phylogenetic analysis.
- Taxon
- Euphorbia indicaEuphorbia indicae1
- Interactor
- Aspergillus flavus
Aspergillus flavuse3symbiont - Outcome
- the isolate is Aspergillus flavuse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“isolated endophytic fungus from Euphorbia indica (a wild desert plant)”
e3“The 18S rDNA sequence homology and phylogenetic analysis revealed that the isolate is Aspergillus flavus”
Claim · model-written summary
Control seedlings under high temperature had higher abscisic acid and proline than A. flavus-associated seedlings.
- Taxon
- Soybean and Sunflower Seedlings
Glycine max
Helianthus annuust0 - Treatment
- exposed to high temperature stresse5
- Interactor
- A. flavusAspergillus flavuse4symbiont
- Outcome
- abscisic acid (ABA), prolinee5
- Direction
- highere5
- Comparator
- A. flavus -associated seedlingse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean and Sunflower Seedlings”
e5“Control seedlings exposed to high temperature stress had higher levels of abscisic acid (ABA), proline”
e4“The A. flavus -associated seedlings along with the control (without A. flavus )”
Claim · model-written summary
Control seedlings under high temperature had lower phenols, flavonoids, catalase and ascorbic acid oxidase than A. flavus-associated seedlings.
- Taxon
- Soybean and Sunflower SeedlingsGlycine maxHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- exposed to high temperature stresse5
- Interactor
- A. flavusAspergillus flavuse4symbiont
- Outcome
- phenols, flavonoids, catalase, and ascorbic acid oxidasee6
- Direction
- lowere6
- Comparator
- A. flavus -associated seedlingse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean and Sunflower Seedlings”
e5“Control seedlings exposed to high temperature stress had higher levels of abscisic acid (ABA), proline”
e6“lower levels of phenols, flavonoids, catalase, and ascorbic acid oxidase”
e4“The A. flavus -associated seedlings along with the control (without A. flavus )”
Claim · model-written summary
Control seedlings under high temperature showed a higher reduction in chlorophyll, root-shoot length and dry weight than A. flavus-associated seedlings.
- Taxon
- Soybean and Sunflower SeedlingsGlycine maxHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- exposed to high temperature stresse5
- Interactor
- A. flavusAspergillus flavuse4symbiont
- Outcome
- chlorophyll, root-shoot length, and dry weighte7
- Direction
- higher reductione7
- Comparator
- A. flavus -associated seedlingse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean and Sunflower Seedlings”
e5“Control seedlings exposed to high temperature stress had higher levels of abscisic acid (ABA), proline”
e7“a higher reduction in chlorophyll, root-shoot length, and dry weight has been noticed in the control seedlings”
e4“The A. flavus -associated seedlings along with the control (without A. flavus )”
Claim · model-written summary
A. flavus is useful for promoting host plant growth under heat stress.
- Taxon
- Soybean and Sunflower SeedlingsGlycine maxHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- A . flavuse5
- Interactor
- A . flavusAspergillus flavuse5symbiont
- Outcome
- host plant growth promotion under heat stress conditionse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean and Sunflower Seedlings”
e5“The results suggested the usefulness of A . flavus in host plant growth promotion under heat stress conditions”