Abstract
A field investigation was conducted to determine the influence of pendimethalin [ N -(1-ethylpropyl)-3,4-dimethyl-2,6-dinitrobenzenamine] and trifluralin [2,6-dinitro- N,N -dipropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzenamine] herbicides on soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr. ‘Centennial’] — Bradyrhizobium japonicum symbiosis. Pendimethalin and trifluralin applied at rates of 1.1, 1.7, and 2.2 kg ai/ha delayed emergence and injured soybean seedlings grown on an Olivier silt loam. Nodule number, dry weight, and nitrogen (N 2 ) fixation measured by acetylene (C 2 H 2 ) reduction were decreased by all herbicide rates during the vegetative growth stages in 1984, with occasional decreases in nodulation noted during the late reproductive growth stage. Seedling injury was less severe in 1985 than in 1984, with most injury occurring at 1.7 and 2.2 kg/ha for both herbicides. Nodule number and dry weight in 1985 were decreased from vegetative through the early reproductive growth stages with little influence on N 2 (C 2 H 2 ) fixation. Inhibitory effects of the herbicides on nodulation and N 2 (C 2 H 2 ) fixation did not influence seed formation since seed yield was not affected either year.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Both herbicides delayed soybean emergence and injured seedlings at the tested rates.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- Pendimethalin and trifluralin applied at rates of 1.1, 1.7, and 2.2 kg ai/hae0
- Outcome
- emergence and injured soybean seedlingse0
- Direction
- delayede0
- Setting
- Olivier silt loame0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pendimethalin and trifluralin applied at rates of 1.1, 1.7, and 2.2 kg ai/ha delayed emergence and injured soybean seedlings grown on an Olivier silt loam.”
Claim · model-written summary
All herbicide rates decreased nodule number and dry weight in vegetative stages in 1984.
- Taxon
- Soybeans (Glycine max)Glycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- vegetative growth stagese0
- Treatment
- all herbicide ratese0
- Interactor
- Bradyrhizobium japonicum
Bradyrhizobium japonicumt1symbiont - Outcome
- Nodule number, dry weighte0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nodule number, dry weight, and nitrogen (N 2 ) fixation measured by acetylene (C 2 H 2 ) reduction were decreased by all herbicide rates during the vegetative growth stages in 1984”
t0“Soybeans (Glycine max)”
t1“Bradyrhizobium japonicum”
Claim · model-written summary
All herbicide rates decreased nitrogen fixation in vegetative stages in 1984.
- Taxon
- Soybeans (Glycine max)Glycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- vegetative growth stagese0
- Treatment
- all herbicide ratese0
- Interactor
- Bradyrhizobium japonicumBradyrhizobium japonicumt1symbiont
- Outcome
- nitrogen (N 2 ) fixatione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nodule number, dry weight, and nitrogen (N 2 ) fixation measured by acetylene (C 2 H 2 ) reduction were decreased by all herbicide rates during the vegetative growth stages in 1984”
t0“Soybeans (Glycine max)”
t1“Bradyrhizobium japonicum”
Claim · model-written summary
Nodulation occasionally decreased during late reproductive growth in 1984.
- Taxon
- Soybeans (Glycine max)Glycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- late reproductive growth stagee0
- Treatment
- herbicidese1
- Outcome
- nodulatione0
- Direction
- decreasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“occasional decreases in nodulation noted during the late reproductive growth stage”
t0“Soybeans (Glycine max)”
e1“both herbicides.”
Claim · model-written summary
Seedling injury was less severe in 1985 than 1984, concentrated at the higher two rates.
- Taxon
- Soybeans (Glycine max)Glycine maxt0
- Outcome
- Seedling injurye0
- Direction
- less severee0
- Value
- 1.7 and 2.2 kg/hae0
- Comparator
- 1984e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seedling injury was less severe in 1985 than in 1984, with most injury occurring at 1.7 and 2.2 kg/ha for both herbicides.”
t0“Soybeans (Glycine max)”
Claim · model-written summary
In 1985 herbicides decreased nodule number and dry weight from vegetative through early reproductive stages.
- Taxon
- Soybeans (Glycine max)Glycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- vegetative through the early reproductive growth stagese0
- Treatment
- herbicidese1
- Interactor
- Bradyrhizobium japonicumBradyrhizobium japonicumt1symbiont
- Outcome
- Nodule number and dry weighte0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nodule number and dry weight in 1985 were decreased from vegetative through the early reproductive growth stages with little influence on N 2 (C 2 H 2 ) fixation.”
t0“Soybeans (Glycine max)”
t1“Bradyrhizobium japonicum”
e1“both herbicides.”
Claim · model-written summary
In 1985 herbicides had little influence on nitrogen fixation.
- Taxon
- Soybeans (Glycine max)Glycine maxt0
- Treatment
- herbicidese1
- Interactor
- Bradyrhizobium japonicumBradyrhizobium japonicumt1symbiont
- Outcome
- N 2 (C 2 H 2 ) fixatione0
- Direction
- little influencee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with little influence on N 2 (C 2 H 2 ) fixation.”
t0“Soybeans (Glycine max)”
t1“Bradyrhizobium japonicum”
e1“both herbicides.”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed yield was unaffected by herbicides in either year.
- Taxon
- Soybeans (Glycine max)Glycine maxt0
- Treatment
- herbicidese1
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seed yield was not affected either year.”
t0“Soybeans (Glycine max)”
e1“both herbicides.”
The same questions in other papers
pendimethalin · crop injury · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- negative
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →trifluralin · crop injury · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →herbicide · symbiosis · Glycine max (soybean)Results differ
17 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
20 papers more in this group
See all 24 papers →herbicide · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
137 papers in the same direction as this paper · 322 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
456 papers more in this group
See all 460 papers →herbicide · Bradyrhizobium japonicum · Glycine max (soybean)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
- no effect
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.