Abstract
The effects of 16 herbicides from 14 different chemical classes on levels of soluble protein, hydroxyphenolics, anthocyanin, and chlorophyll were determined in light- and dark-grown soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr. ‘Hill’] seedlings. Growth-reducing concentrations of the herbicides were supplied to 3-day-old dark-grown soybean seedlings in liquid culture. Soluble protein (per axis) was reduced by fluridone {1-methyl-3-phenyl-5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4(1 H )-pyridinone}, paraquat (1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium ion), perfluidone {1,1,1-trifluoro- N -[2-methyl-4-(phenylsulfonyl)phenyl] methanesulfonamide}, and propanil (3′,4′-dichloropropionanilide) 24 or 48 h after treatment. In light-grown plants, soluble hydroxyphenolic compound levels were decreased on a per axis basis after 48 h by all chemical treatments except by atrazine [2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)- s -triazine], the methyl ester of diclofop {2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy] propanoate}, DSMA (disodium methanearsonate), fluridone, MH (1,2-dihydro-3,6-pyridazinedione), nitralin [4-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dinitro- N,N -dipropylaniline], TCA (trichloroacetic acid), and 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid]. Total chlorophyll content in hypocotyls of these seedlings was decreased by fluridone, metribuzin [4-amino-6- tert -butyl-3-(methylthio)- as -triazin-5 (4 H )-one], norflurazon [4-chloro-5-(methylamino)-2-(α,α,α-trifluoro- m -tolyl)-3 (2 H )-pyridazinone], paraquat, and 2,4-D, but others had no significant effect. Anthocyanin accumulation in hypocotyls of 48-h light-grown seedlings was decreased by atrazine, fenuron (1,1-dimethyl-3-phenylurea), metribuzin, norflurazon, paraquat, propanil, and propham (isopropyl carbanilate). Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity (previously reported work) was positively correlated with anthocyanin levels in tissues after treatment with these 16 herbicides, but not with glyphosate [ N -(phosphonomethyl)glycine]. There was, however, no correlation between extractable PAL activity and chlorophyll, soluble hydroxyphenolic compounds, or soluble protein content. These results indicated that extracted PAL activities usually reflect relative in vivo activities and that PAL activity is limiting to phenylpropanoid synthesis in vivo.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Soluble protein of soybean seedlings was reduced by fluridone, paraquat, perfluidone and propanil.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- herbicidese0
- Outcome
- Soluble protein (per axis)e1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of 16 herbicides from 14 different chemical classes on levels of soluble protein, hydroxyphenolics, anthocyanin, and chlorophyll were determined in light- and dark-grown soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr. ‘Hill’] seedlings”
e1“Soluble protein (per axis) was reduced by fluridone”
Claim · model-written summary
Soluble hydroxyphenolic compound levels in light-grown soybean were decreased after 48 h by eight herbicides, not including atrazine, diclofop-methyl, DSMA, fluridone, MH, nitralin, TCA and 2,4-D.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- all chemical treatments except by atrazinee2
- Outcome
- soluble hydroxyphenolic compound levelse2
- Direction
- decreasede2
- Qualifier
- after 48 he2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of 16 herbicides from 14 different chemical classes on levels of soluble protein, hydroxyphenolics, anthocyanin, and chlorophyll were determined in light- and dark-grown soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr. ‘Hill’] seedlings”
e2“soluble hydroxyphenolic compound levels were decreased on a per axis basis after 48 h by all chemical treatments except by atrazine”
Claim · model-written summary
Total chlorophyll in soybean hypocotyls was decreased by fluridone, metribuzin, norflurazon, paraquat and 2,4-D.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- hypocotylse3
- Treatment
- herbicidese0
- Outcome
- Total chlorophyll contente3
- Direction
- decreasede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of 16 herbicides from 14 different chemical classes on levels of soluble protein, hydroxyphenolics, anthocyanin, and chlorophyll were determined in light- and dark-grown soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr. ‘Hill’] seedlings”
e3“Total chlorophyll content in hypocotyls of these seedlings was decreased by fluridone”
Claim · model-written summary
The other herbicides had no significant effect on soybean hypocotyl chlorophyll.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- hypocotylse3
- Treatment
- herbicidese0
- Outcome
- chlorophylle3
- Direction
- no significant effecte4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of 16 herbicides from 14 different chemical classes on levels of soluble protein, hydroxyphenolics, anthocyanin, and chlorophyll were determined in light- and dark-grown soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr. ‘Hill’] seedlings”
e3“Total chlorophyll content in hypocotyls of these seedlings was decreased by fluridone”
e4“but others had no significant effect”
Claim · model-written summary
Anthocyanin accumulation in 48-h light-grown soybean hypocotyls was decreased by seven herbicides, including atrazine, fenuron, metribuzin, norflurazon, paraquat, propanil and propham.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- hypocotylse5
- Treatment
- herbicidese0
- Outcome
- Anthocyanin accumulatione5
- Direction
- decreasede5
- Qualifier
- 48-h light-grown seedlingse5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of 16 herbicides from 14 different chemical classes on levels of soluble protein, hydroxyphenolics, anthocyanin, and chlorophyll were determined in light- and dark-grown soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr. ‘Hill’] seedlings”
e5“Anthocyanin accumulation in hypocotyls of 48-h light-grown seedlings was decreased by atrazine”
Claim · model-written summary
Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity was positively correlated with anthocyanin levels after herbicide treatment.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- herbicidese0
- Gene
- Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL)e6
- Outcome
- anthocyanin levelse6
- Direction
- positively correlatede6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of 16 herbicides from 14 different chemical classes on levels of soluble protein, hydroxyphenolics, anthocyanin, and chlorophyll were determined in light- and dark-grown soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr. ‘Hill’] seedlings”
e6“Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity (previously reported work) was positively correlated with anthocyanin levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity was not correlated with glyphosate-treated anthocyanin levels.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Gene
- PALe6
- Compound
- glyphosatee7
- Outcome
- anthocyanin levelse6
- Direction
- not withe7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of 16 herbicides from 14 different chemical classes on levels of soluble protein, hydroxyphenolics, anthocyanin, and chlorophyll were determined in light- and dark-grown soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr. ‘Hill’] seedlings”
e6“Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity (previously reported work) was positively correlated with anthocyanin levels”
e7“but not with glyphosate”
Claim · model-written summary
Extractable PAL activity showed no correlation with chlorophyll, soluble hydroxyphenolic compounds or soluble protein content.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Gene
- extractable PAL activitye1
- Outcome
- chlorophylle1
- Direction
- no correlatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of 16 herbicides from 14 different chemical classes on levels of soluble protein, hydroxyphenolics, anthocyanin, and chlorophyll were determined in light- and dark-grown soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr. ‘Hill’] seedlings”
e1“There was, however, no correlation between extractable PAL activity and chlorophyll, soluble hydroxyphenolic compounds, or soluble protein content”
Claim · model-written summary
PAL activity is limiting to phenylpropanoid synthesis in vivo.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Gene
- PALe1
- Outcome
- phenylpropanoid synthesise1
- Qualifier
- limitinge1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of 16 herbicides from 14 different chemical classes on levels of soluble protein, hydroxyphenolics, anthocyanin, and chlorophyll were determined in light- and dark-grown soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr. ‘Hill’] seedlings”
e1“PAL activity is limiting to phenylpropanoid synthesis in vivo”
Claim · model-written summary
Extracted PAL activities usually reflect relative in vivo activities.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Gene
- PALe1
- Outcome
- relative in vivo activitiese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of 16 herbicides from 14 different chemical classes on levels of soluble protein, hydroxyphenolics, anthocyanin, and chlorophyll were determined in light- and dark-grown soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr. ‘Hill’] seedlings”
e1“extracted PAL activities usually reflect relative in vivo activities”
The same questions in other papers
herbicide · physiology: pigments · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
13 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
12 papers more in this group
See all 16 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.