Abstract
Ethylene is a gaseous hormone that regulates plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. To investigate the importance of ethylene in soybean resistance to Fusarium virguliforme (Fv), the causal agent of sudden death syndrome (SDS), soybean cultivars Williams 82 (SDS-susceptible) and MN1606 (SDS-resistant) were treated 24 h before and 24h after Fv inoculation with either ethephon (ethylene inducer), cobalt chloride (ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor), or 1-MCP (ethylene perception inhibitor). Inoculated plants were grown for 21 days at 24°C in the greenhouse and then evaluated for SDS severity and expression of soybean defense genes. In both cultivars, plants treated with ethephon showed lower SDS foliar severity compared to the other treatments, whereas those treated with cobalt chloride or 1-MCP showed the same or higher SDS foliar severity compared to the water-treated control. Ethephon application resulted in activation of genes involved in ethylene biosynthesis, such as ethylene synthase (ACS) and ethylene oxidase (ACO), and genes involved in soybean defense response, such as pathogenesis-related protein (PR), basic peroxidase (IPER), chalcone synthase (CHS), and defense-associated transcription factors. Cobalt chloride and 1-MCP treatments had little or no effect on the expression of these genes. In addition, ethephon had a direct inhibitory effect on in-vitro growth of Fv on PDA media. Our results suggest that ethephon application inhibits SDS development directly by slowing Fv growth and/or by inducing soybean ethylene signaling and the expression of defense related genes.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon lowered foliar sudden death syndrome severity in both soybean cultivars relative to other treatments.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- ethephone0
- Interactor
- Fusarium virguliformeFusarium virguliformet0pathogen
- Outcome
- SDS foliar severitye0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In both cultivars, plants treated with ethephon showed lower SDS foliar severity compared to the other treatments”
t0“soybean sudden death syndrome by inducing defense-related genes and reducing Fusarium virguliforme growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Cobalt chloride produced the same or greater foliar SDS severity than water treatment.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- cobalt chloridee0
- Interactor
- Fusarium virguliformeFusarium virguliformet0pathogen
- Outcome
- SDS foliar severitye0
- Direction
- same or highere0
- Comparator
- water-treated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“those treated with cobalt chloride or 1-MCP showed the same or higher SDS foliar severity compared to the water-treated control.”
t0“soybean sudden death syndrome by inducing defense-related genes and reducing Fusarium virguliforme growth”
Claim · model-written summary
1-MCP produced the same or greater foliar SDS severity than water treatment.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- 1-MCPe0
- Interactor
- Fusarium virguliformeFusarium virguliformet0pathogen
- Outcome
- SDS foliar severitye0
- Direction
- same or highere0
- Comparator
- water-treated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“those treated with cobalt chloride or 1-MCP showed the same or higher SDS foliar severity compared to the water-treated control.”
t0“soybean sudden death syndrome by inducing defense-related genes and reducing Fusarium virguliforme growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon activated ethylene biosynthesis genes in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Ethephon applicatione0
- Gene
- ethylene synthase (ACS) and ethylene oxidase (ACO)e0
- Outcome
- activation of genes involved in ethylene biosynthesise0
- Direction
- activatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ethephon application resulted in activation of genes involved in ethylene biosynthesis, such as ethylene synthase (ACS) and ethylene oxidase (ACO)”
t0“soybean sudden death syndrome”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon activated soybean defense response genes.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Ethephon applicatione1
- Gene
- pathogenesis-related protein (PR)e0
- Outcome
- defense responsee0
- Direction
- activatione1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“genes involved in soybean defense response, such as pathogenesis-related protein (PR), basic peroxidase (IPER), chalcone synthase (CHS), and defense-associated transcription factors.”
e1“Ethephon application resulted in activation of genes involved in ethylene biosynthesis, such as ethylene synthase (ACS) and ethylene oxidase (ACO)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cobalt chloride had little or no effect on those gene expression responses.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Cobalt chloridee0
- Outcome
- expression of these genese0
- Direction
- little or no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cobalt chloride and 1-MCP treatments had little or no effect on the expression of these genes.”
t0“soybean sudden death syndrome”
Claim · model-written summary
1-MCP had little or no effect on those gene expression responses.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- 1-MCPe0
- Outcome
- expression of these genese0
- Direction
- little or no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cobalt chloride and 1-MCP treatments had little or no effect on the expression of these genes.”
t0“soybean sudden death syndrome”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon directly inhibited in vitro growth of Fusarium virguliforme.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- ethephone0
- Interactor
- Fve0pathogen
- Outcome
- growth of Fve0
- Direction
- inhibitorye0
- Setting
- PDA mediae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ethephon had a direct inhibitory effect on in-vitro growth of Fv on PDA media.”
t0“soybean sudden death syndrome”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors propose that ethephon inhibits SDS through slower pathogen growth or induced soybean defense signaling.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- ethephon applicatione0
- Interactor
- Fve0pathogen
- Outcome
- SDS developmente0
- Direction
- inhibitse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ethephon application inhibits SDS development directly by slowing Fv growth and/or by inducing soybean ethylene signaling and the expression of defense related genes.”
The same questions in other papers
(2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid · growth · Glycine max (soybean)Results differ
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →(2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid · disease · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
(2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid · molecular: expression · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.