Abstract
Phosphorus (P) starvation leads to increased reutilization of cell wall P in rice (Oryza sativa). Carbon dioxide (CO2) is involved not only in plant growth and development, but also in the response to abiotic stresses. However, it remains unclear whether CO2 affects the reutilization of cell wall P in rice when subjected to P deficiency. In the present study, elevated CO2 (600 µL•L-1) significantly increased the soluble P content in shoots when compared with ambient CO2 (400 µL•L-1). This positive effect was accompanied by an increase of pectin content, as well as an increase of pectin methylesterase (PME) activity, which results in P release from the shoot cell wall, making it available for plant growth. P deficiency significantly induced the expression of phosphate transporter genes (OsPT2, OsPT6, and OsPT8) and decreased the P content in the xylem sap, but elevated CO2 had no further effect, indicating that the increased soluble P content observed in shoots under elevated CO2 is attributable to the reutilization of shoot cell wall P. Elevated CO2 further increased the P deficiency-induced ethylene production in the shoots, and the addition of the ethylene precursor 1-amino-cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) mimicked this effect, while the addition of the ethylene inhibitor aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) abolished this effect. These results further support the role of ethylene in the alleviation of P deficiency under elevated CO2. Taken together, our results indicate that the improvement of P nutrition in rice by elevated CO2 is mediated by increasing the shoot cell wall pectin content and PME activity, possibly via the ethylene signaling pathway.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased shoot soluble P relative to ambient CO2.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa)
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- elevated CO2 (600 µL•L-1)e0
- Outcome
- soluble P content in shootse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- ambient CO2 (400 µL•L-1)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“elevated CO2 (600 µL•L-1) significantly increased the soluble P content in shoots when compared with ambient CO2 (400 µL•L-1)”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased pectin content.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- elevated CO2e1
- Outcome
- pectin contente0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This positive effect was accompanied by an increase of pectin content”
e1“elevated CO2 (600 µL•L-1) significantly increased the soluble P content in shoots when compared with ambient CO2 (400 µL•L-1)”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased PME activity.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- elevated CO2e1
- Gene
- pectin methylesterase (PME)e0
- Outcome
- pectin methylesterase (PME) activitye0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“as well as an increase of pectin methylesterase (PME) activity”
e1“elevated CO2 (600 µL•L-1) significantly increased the soluble P content in shoots when compared with ambient CO2 (400 µL•L-1)”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
P deficiency induced phosphate transporter gene expression.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- P deficiencye0
- Gene
- OsPT2, OsPT6, and OsPT8e0
- Outcome
- expression of phosphate transporter genese0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P deficiency significantly induced the expression of phosphate transporter genes (OsPT2, OsPT6, and OsPT8)”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
P deficiency decreased xylem sap P content.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- P deficiencye0
- Outcome
- P content in the xylem sape0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P deficiency significantly induced the expression of phosphate transporter genes (OsPT2, OsPT6, and OsPT8) and decreased the P content in the xylem sap”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 had no additional effect on the P deficiency responses of transporter expression and xylem sap P.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- elevated CO2e0
- Outcome
- further effecte0
- Direction
- no further effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but elevated CO2 had no further effect”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 further increased P deficiency induced shoot ethylene production.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Elevated CO2e0
- Outcome
- ethylene production in the shootse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Elevated CO2 further increased the P deficiency-induced ethylene production in the shoots”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
ACC mimicked the elevated CO2 effect on shoot ethylene production.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- addition of the ethylene precursor 1-amino-cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC)e0
- Outcome
- this effecte0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the addition of the ethylene precursor 1-amino-cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) mimicked this effect”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
AVG abolished the elevated CO2 effect on shoot ethylene production.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- addition of the ethylene inhibitor aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG)e0
- Outcome
- this effecte0
- Direction
- abolishede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the addition of the ethylene inhibitor aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) abolished this effect”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attribute improved P nutrition under elevated CO2 to cell wall pectin and PME activity, possibly through ethylene signaling.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Gene
- PMEe0
- Outcome
- improvement of P nutritione0
- Qualifier
- possibly via the ethylene signaling pathwaye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the improvement of P nutrition in rice by elevated CO2 is mediated by increasing the shoot cell wall pectin content and PME activity, possibly via the ethylene signaling pathway”
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This paper is about lacking the nutrient, so it counts the other way round here.
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