Abstract
Drought stress is one of the main limitations to crop growth and yield. Efficient nitrogen (N) nutrition may moderate the negative effects of drought stress on plants through retention of metabolic activities. The present study was conducted to investigate the biochemical responses of two millet species, foxtail millet (Setaria italica (L.) P.Beauv.) and proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.), under two irrigation regimes (based on 55% and 85% soil-water depletion) and two N fertiliser levels (0 and 112.5 kg N ha–1) at four sowing dates (22 June and 6 July 2015, 14 and 30 June 2016). Drought stress increased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA) and other aldehyde contents of the plants, ultimately leading to 52% and 55% reductions in grain yield in foxtail millet and proso millet, respectively. Antioxidant activities showed significant increases under drought stress. Nitrogen application decreased H2O2, MDA and other aldehyde contents and activities of antioxidant enzymes, whereas it increased chlorophyll, carotenoid, phenolic compound and proline contents as well as grain yield. Higher grain yields were obtained with early planting dates under sufficient water supply, whereas superior yields were obtained with delayed planting dates under water stress owing to lower temperatures and evaporation rates. The results suggest that N application could mitigate the adverse effects of drought stress on millet plants by promoting osmoregulation, alleviating lipid peroxidation, and improving plant physiological traits. Foxtail millet had higher antioxidant potential than proso millet, resulting in greater capacity to inhibit production of free oxygen radicals and making it the more drought-tolerant species.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Drought reduced grain yield of foxtail millet by 52%.
- Taxon
- foxtail millet
Setaria italicae0 - Treatment
- Drought stresse0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Value
- 52%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drought stress increased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA) and other aldehyde contents of the plants, ultimately leading to 52% and 55% reductions in grain yield in foxtail millet and proso millet, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought reduced grain yield of proso millet by 55%.
- Taxon
- proso millet
Panicum miliaceume0 - Treatment
- Drought stresse0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Value
- 55%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drought stress increased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA) and other aldehyde contents of the plants, ultimately leading to 52% and 55% reductions in grain yield in foxtail millet and proso millet, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought increased peroxide and aldehyde contents in foxtail millet.
- Taxon
- foxtail milletSetaria italicat0
- Treatment
- Drought stresse0
- Outcome
- hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA) and other aldehyde contentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“foxtail millet (Setaria italica) and proso millet (Panicum miliaceum)”
e0“Drought stress increased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA) and other aldehyde contents of the plants, ultimately leading to 52% and 55% reductions in grain yield in foxtail millet and proso millet, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought increased peroxide and aldehyde contents in proso millet.
- Taxon
- proso milletPanicum miliaceumt0
- Treatment
- Drought stresse0
- Outcome
- hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA) and other aldehyde contentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“foxtail millet (Setaria italica) and proso millet (Panicum miliaceum)”
e0“Drought stress increased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA) and other aldehyde contents of the plants, ultimately leading to 52% and 55% reductions in grain yield in foxtail millet and proso millet, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Antioxidant activities significantly increased under drought stress.
- Taxon
- foxtail milletSetaria italicat0
- Treatment
- drought stresse0
- Outcome
- Antioxidant activitiese0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“foxtail millet (Setaria italica) and proso millet (Panicum miliaceum)”
e0“Antioxidant activities showed significant increases under drought stress.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen application decreased H2O2, MDA and other aldehyde contents.
- Taxon
- foxtail milletSetaria italicat0
- Treatment
- Nitrogen applicatione0
- Outcome
- H2O2, MDA and other aldehyde contentse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“foxtail millet (Setaria italica) and proso millet (Panicum miliaceum)”
e0“Nitrogen application decreased H2O2, MDA and other aldehyde contents and activities of antioxidant enzymes, whereas it increased chlorophyll, carotenoid, phenolic compound and proline contents as well as grain yield.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen application decreased activities of antioxidant enzymes.
- Taxon
- foxtail milletSetaria italicat0
- Treatment
- Nitrogen applicatione0
- Outcome
- activities of antioxidant enzymese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“foxtail millet (Setaria italica) and proso millet (Panicum miliaceum)”
e0“Nitrogen application decreased H2O2, MDA and other aldehyde contents and activities of antioxidant enzymes, whereas it increased chlorophyll, carotenoid, phenolic compound and proline contents as well as grain yield.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen application increased chlorophyll, carotenoid, phenolic compound.
- Taxon
- foxtail milletSetaria italicat0
- Treatment
- Nitrogen applicatione0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll, carotenoid, phenolic compounde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“foxtail millet (Setaria italica) and proso millet (Panicum miliaceum)”
e0“Nitrogen application decreased H2O2, MDA and other aldehyde contents and activities of antioxidant enzymes, whereas it increased chlorophyll, carotenoid, phenolic compound and proline contents as well as grain yield.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen application increased proline contents.
- Taxon
- foxtail milletSetaria italicat0
- Treatment
- Nitrogen applicatione0
- Outcome
- proline contentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“foxtail millet (Setaria italica) and proso millet (Panicum miliaceum)”
e0“Nitrogen application decreased H2O2, MDA and other aldehyde contents and activities of antioxidant enzymes, whereas it increased chlorophyll, carotenoid, phenolic compound and proline contents as well as grain yield.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen application increased grain yield.
- Taxon
- foxtail milletSetaria italicat0
- Treatment
- Nitrogen applicatione0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“foxtail millet (Setaria italica) and proso millet (Panicum miliaceum)”
e0“Nitrogen application decreased H2O2, MDA and other aldehyde contents and activities of antioxidant enzymes, whereas it increased chlorophyll, carotenoid, phenolic compound and proline contents as well as grain yield.”
Claim · model-written summary
early planting dates produced higher grain yield under sufficient water supply.
- Taxon
- foxtail milletSetaria italicat0
- Treatment
- early planting datese0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Direction
- Highere0
- Qualifier
- sufficient water supplye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“foxtail millet (Setaria italica) and proso millet (Panicum miliaceum)”
e0“Higher grain yields were obtained with early planting dates under sufficient water supply, whereas superior yields were obtained with delayed planting dates under water stress owing to lower temperatures and evaporation rates.”
Claim · model-written summary
delayed planting dates produced superior grain yield under water stress.
- Taxon
- foxtail milletSetaria italicat0
- Treatment
- delayed planting datese0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Direction
- superiore0
- Qualifier
- water stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“foxtail millet (Setaria italica) and proso millet (Panicum miliaceum)”
e0“Higher grain yields were obtained with early planting dates under sufficient water supply, whereas superior yields were obtained with delayed planting dates under water stress owing to lower temperatures and evaporation rates.”
Claim · model-written summary
Foxtail millet had higher antioxidant potential than proso millet.
- Taxon
- Foxtail milletSetaria italicae0
- Outcome
- antioxidant potentiale0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- proso millete0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foxtail millet had higher antioxidant potential than proso millet, resulting in greater capacity to inhibit production of free oxygen radicals and making it the more drought-tolerant species.”
Claim · model-written summary
Foxtail millet had greater capacity to inhibit free oxygen radicals than proso millet.
- Taxon
- Foxtail milletSetaria italicae0
- Outcome
- capacity to inhibit production of free oxygen radicalse0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Qualifier
- higher antioxidant potentiale0
- Comparator
- proso millete0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foxtail millet had higher antioxidant potential than proso millet, resulting in greater capacity to inhibit production of free oxygen radicals and making it the more drought-tolerant species.”
Claim · model-written summary
Foxtail millet was the more drought tolerant species.
- Taxon
- Foxtail milletSetaria italicae0
- Outcome
- more drought-tolerant speciese0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- proso millete0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foxtail millet had higher antioxidant potential than proso millet, resulting in greater capacity to inhibit production of free oxygen radicals and making it the more drought-tolerant species.”
The same questions in other papers
drought · yield · Panicum miliaceum (proso millet)Results differ
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- negative
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See all 6 papers →nitrogen · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Setaria italica (foxtail millet)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
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drought · physiology: oxidative · Panicum miliaceum (proso millet)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
nitrogen · physiology: pigments · Setaria italica (foxtail millet)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
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See all 6 papers →sowing time · yield · Setaria italica (foxtail millet)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
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See all 6 papers →nitrogen · yield · Setaria italica (foxtail millet)Positive and negative results
21 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
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See all 23 papers →drought · physiology: oxidative · Setaria italica (foxtail millet)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
drought · yield · Setaria italica (foxtail millet)Results agree
8 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- negative
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.