Abstract
The phytotoxicity of glyphosate [ N -(phosphonomethyl) glycine] on seeds (protected or non-protected with soil) and seedlings of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) and red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) was studied in the greenhouse. Percent germination of Italian ryegrass seeds covered with soil was significantly reduced with glyphosate applied at 4 kg/ha. The direct treatment over the seeds on the soil surface was more toxic, reducing the number of established seedlings at dosages of 3 and 4 kg/ha. In the two red clover seed treatments, germination was significantly reduced with 2 kg/ha of herbicide. Even though germination was reduced at intermediate rates of glyphosate, shoot growth and tillering were improved and yields of dry weight were equivalent to that of untreated plants. Postemergence applications of glyphosate were phytotoxic to both species with the effects becoming more pronounced at increasing dosages. However, at equal dosage, red clover was less susceptible than Italian ryegrass. The patterns of foliar absorption and translocation of 14 C from 14 C-glyphosate was similar in Italian ryegrass and red clover. 14 C was translocated throughout the plants and exhibited apoplastic and symplastic movement.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate at 4 kg/ha significantly reduced germination of Italian ryegrass seeds covered with soil.
- Taxon
- Italian ryegrass
Lolium multiflorume0 - Treatment
- glyphosate applied at 4 kg/hae0
- Outcome
- Percent germinatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Percent germination of Italian ryegrass seeds covered with soil was significantly reduced with glyphosate applied at 4 kg/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
Direct glyphosate treatment over Italian ryegrass seeds on the soil surface was more toxic, reducing the number of established seedlings at 3 and 4 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- Italian ryegrassLolium multiflorumt0
- Treatment
- direct treatment over the seeds on the soil surfacee0
- Outcome
- number of established seedlingse0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Qualifier
- dosages of 3 and 4 kg/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The direct treatment over the seeds on the soil surface was more toxic, reducing the number of established seedlings at dosages of 3 and 4 kg/ha”
t0“Italian Ryegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
In both red clover seed treatments, 2 kg/ha of herbicide significantly reduced germination.
- Taxon
- red clover
Trifolium pratensee0 - Treatment
- 2 kg/ha of herbicidee0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the two red clover seed treatments, germination was significantly reduced with 2 kg/ha of herbicide”
Claim · model-written summary
Despite reduced germination at intermediate glyphosate rates, shoot growth and tillering were improved in Italian ryegrass and red clover.
- Taxon
- Italian Ryegrass(Lolium multiflorum)and Red Clover(Trifolium pratense)Lolium multiflorumTrifolium pratenset0
- Treatment
- intermediate rates of glyphosatee0
- Outcome
- shoot growth and tilleringe0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Even though germination was reduced at intermediate rates of glyphosate, shoot growth and tillering were improved and yields of dry weight were equivalent to that of untreated plants”
t0“Italian Ryegrass(Lolium multiflorum)and Red Clover(Trifolium pratense)”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry weight yields of plants treated with intermediate glyphosate rates were equivalent to those of untreated plants.
- Taxon
- Italian Ryegrass(Lolium multiflorum)and Red Clover(Trifolium pratense)Lolium multiflorumTrifolium pratenset0
- Treatment
- intermediate rates of glyphosatee0
- Outcome
- yields of dry weighte0
- Direction
- equivalente0
- Comparator
- untreated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Even though germination was reduced at intermediate rates of glyphosate, shoot growth and tillering were improved and yields of dry weight were equivalent to that of untreated plants”
t0“Italian Ryegrass(Lolium multiflorum)and Red Clover(Trifolium pratense)”
Claim · model-written summary
Postemergence glyphosate applications were phytotoxic to both species, with effects more pronounced at increasing dosages.
- Taxon
- Italian Ryegrass(Lolium multiflorum)and Red Clover(Trifolium pratense)Lolium multiflorumTrifolium pratenset0
- Treatment
- Postemergence applications of glyphosatee0
- Outcome
- phytotoxice0
- Direction
- more pronounced at increasing dosagese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Postemergence applications of glyphosate were phytotoxic to both species with the effects becoming more pronounced at increasing dosages”
t0“Italian Ryegrass(Lolium multiflorum)and Red Clover(Trifolium pratense)”
Claim · model-written summary
At equal glyphosate dosage after emergence, red clover was less susceptible than Italian ryegrass.
- Taxon
- red cloverTrifolium pratensee0
- Treatment
- Postemergence applications of glyphosatee0
- Outcome
- susceptiblee0
- Direction
- less susceptiblee0
- Comparator
- Italian ryegrasse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Postemergence applications of glyphosate were phytotoxic to both species with the effects becoming more pronounced at increasing dosages. However, at equal dosage, red clover was less susceptible than Italian ryegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
The patterns of foliar absorption and translocation of 14C from 14C-glyphosate were similar in Italian ryegrass and red clover.
- Taxon
- Italian ryegrass and red cloverLolium multiflorumTrifolium pratensee0
- Outcome
- patterns of foliar absorption and translocation of 14 C from 14 C-glyphosatee0
- Qualifier
- similare0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The patterns of foliar absorption and translocation of 14 C from 14 C-glyphosate was similar in Italian ryegrass and red clover”
Claim · model-written summary
14C from glyphosate was translocated throughout the plants and showed apoplastic and symplastic movement.
- Taxon
- Italian Ryegrass(Lolium multiflorum)and Red Clover(Trifolium pratense)Lolium multiflorumTrifolium pratenset0
- Outcome
- translocated throughout the plantse0
- Qualifier
- apoplastic and symplastic movemente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“14 C was translocated throughout the plants and exhibited apoplastic and symplastic movement”
t0“Italian Ryegrass(Lolium multiflorum)and Red Clover(Trifolium pratense)”
The same questions in other papers
glyphosate · growth · Trifolium pratense (red clover)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
glyphosate · yield · Trifolium pratense (red clover)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
glyphosate · growth · Lolium multiflorum (Italian ryegrass)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
herbicide · growth · Trifolium pratense (red clover)Positive and negative results
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
- no effect
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →herbicide · crop injury · Trifolium pratense (red clover)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.