Abstract
Silicon is reported to reduce the toxic effects of Al on root elongation but the in planta mechanism by which this occurs remains unclear. Using seedlings of soybean (Glycine max) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), we examined the effect of up to 2 mM Si on root elongation rate (RER) in Al-toxic nutrient solutions. Synchrotron-based low energy X-ray fluorescence (LEXRF) was then used for the in situ examination of the distribution of Al and Si within cross-sections cut from the apical tissues of sorghum roots. The addition of Si potentially increased RER in Al-toxic solutions, with RER being up to ca. 0.3 mm h 1 (14 %) higher for soybean and ca. 0.2 mm h 1 (17 %) higher for sorghum relative to solutions without added Si. This improvement in RER could not be attributed to a change in Al-chemistry of the bulk nutrient solution, nor was it due to a change in the concentration of Al within the apical (0-10 mm) root tissues. Using LEXRF to examine sorghum, it was demonstrated that in roots exposed to both Al and Si, much of the Al was co-located with Si in the mucigel and outer apoplast. These observations suggest that Si reduces the toxicity of Al in planta through formation of Al-Si complexes in mucigel and outer cellular tissues, thereby decreasing the binding of Al to the cell wall where it is known to inhibit wall loosening as required for cell elongation.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Si increased soybean root elongation under Al toxicity by up to 0.3 mm h 1 (14 %).
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- Sie0
- Outcome
- RERe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- ca. 0.3 mm h 1 (14 %)e0
- Qualifier
- Al-toxic solutionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The addition of Si potentially increased RER in Al-toxic solutions, with RER being up to ca. 0.3 mm h 1 (14 %) higher for soybean”
t0“Sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Si increased sorghum root elongation under Al toxicity by up to 0.2 mm h 1 (17 %).
SorghumNot reportedOutcome
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ca. 0.2 mm h 1 (17 %) higher for sorghum relative to solutions without added Si”
Claim · model-written summary
The improvement in root elongation was not attributable to bulk solution Al chemistry.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This improvement in RER could not be attributed to a change in Al-chemistry of the bulk nutrient solution”
t0“Sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
The improvement in root elongation was not due to altered root apex Al concentration.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nor was it due to a change in the concentration of Al within the apical (0-10 mm) root tissues”
t0“Sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
In sorghum roots exposed to Al and Si, much Al co-localized with Si in mucigel and outer apoplast.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in roots exposed to both Al and Si, much of the Al was co-located with Si in the mucigel and outer apoplast”
t0“Sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest Al–Si complex formation in outer root tissues alleviates Al toxicity.
- Outcome
- toxicity of Ale0
- Qualifier
- formation of Al-Si complexes in mucigel and outer cellular tissuese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Si reduces the toxicity of Al in planta through formation of Al-Si complexes in mucigel and outer cellular tissues”
t0“Sorghum”
The same questions in other papers
silicon atom · growth · Glycine max (soybean)Results differ
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See all 28 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.