Abstract
ABSTRACT: Find shade-tolerant species is essential to the success of silvopastoral systems, increasingly frequent in recent years. In legumes, which have potential of biological nitrogen fixation, there is a great lack of knowledge when in shaded environments.The cultivation of four tropical forage (Neonotonia wightii, Pueraria phaseoloides, Macrotyloma axilare and Arachis pintoi) was evaluated when submitted to artificial shade levels (30, 50 and 70% shade) and in full sun during water and drought seasons. The design used was in randomized complete blocks in a sub-divided plot scheme with four replications. In the Water-season the Forage Peanuts had higher forage production in full sun (11 ton ha-1 DM), and under shade did not differ from Perennial Soybean, higher than the others in all levels of shade. In Drought-season the forage production was 61% lower than in Water-season. The highest crude protein levels were reported in Forage Peanuts, Tropical Kudzu and Perennial Soybean, 19.0; 18.3 and 18.2% respectively in the Water-season. Forage Peanuts is a good option for use in silvopastoral systems although there is a small reduction in forage production (average of 23.7%). In general, species of fabaceae showed a greater reduction in forage production in the period of water deficit; however, shading at levels of 30% to 50% contribute to mitigation of water shortage. Although, there is a small reduction in forage production, withexception of perennial soybeans in dry season, it is advisable to use tropical forage legumes in silvopastoral systems, since forage quality is not affected by shade.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Forage Peanuts yielded more forage in full sun during the water season.
- Taxon
- Forage Peanutse0
- Treatment
- full sune0
- Outcome
- forage productione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 11 ton ha-1 DMe0
- Qualifier
- Water-seasone0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“In the Water-season the Forage Peanuts had higher forage production in full sun (11 ton ha-1 DM)”
Claim · model-written summary
Under shade, Forage Peanuts did not differ in forage production from Perennial Soybean.
Verbatim
e0“In the Water-season the Forage Peanuts had higher forage production in full sun (11 ton ha-1 DM), and under shade did not differ from Perennial Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Forage Peanuts and Perennial Soybean exceeded the other legumes in production at all shade levels.
Verbatim
e0“In the Water-season the Forage Peanuts had higher forage production in full sun (11 ton ha-1 DM), and under shade did not differ from Perennial Soybean, higher than the others in all levels of shade”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought-season forage production was 61% lower than water-season production.
Verbatim
e0“In Drought-season the forage production was 61% lower than in Water-season.”
t0“tropical forage legumes”
Claim · model-written summary
Forage Peanuts had the highest crude protein level, 19.0%, in the water season.
Verbatim
e0“The highest crude protein levels were reported in Forage Peanuts, Tropical Kudzu and Perennial Soybean, 19.0; 18.3 and 18.2% respectively in the Water-season.”
Claim · model-written summary
Tropical Kudzu crude protein was 18.3% in the water season.
- Taxon
- Tropical Kudzu
Neustanthus phaseoloidese0 - Outcome
- crude protein levelse0
- Value
- 18.3e0
- Qualifier
- Water-seasone0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest crude protein levels were reported in Forage Peanuts, Tropical Kudzu and Perennial Soybean, 19.0; 18.3 and 18.2% respectively in the Water-season.”
Claim · model-written summary
Perennial Soybean crude protein was 18.2% in the water season.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“The highest crude protein levels were reported in Forage Peanuts, Tropical Kudzu and Perennial Soybean, 19.0; 18.3 and 18.2% respectively in the Water-season.”
Claim · model-written summary
Forage Peanuts production was reduced by an average of 23.7% in the silvopastoral context.
Verbatim
e0“Forage Peanuts is a good option for use in silvopastoral systems although there is a small reduction in forage production (average of 23.7%).”
Claim · model-written summary
Shade at 30% to 50% mitigated water shortage for the legumes.
- Taxon
- tropical forage legumest0
- Treatment
- shading at levels of 30% to 50%e0
- Outcome
- mitigation of water shortagee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“shading at levels of 30% to 50% contribute to mitigation of water shortage”
t0“tropical forage legumes”
Claim · model-written summary
Shade did not affect forage quality.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“forage quality is not affected by shade.”
t0“tropical forage legumes”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors advise using tropical forage legumes in silvopastoral systems.
Verbatim
e0“it is advisable to use tropical forage legumes in silvopastoral systems”
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