Abstract
A field experiment was conducted at the ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi during wet season of 2013 and 2014, involving three crop establishment methods (CEMs) viz. puddled transplanted rice (PTR), system of rice intensification (SRI), and aerobic rice system (ARS). Three rates of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) application (0%, 75%, and 100% of recommended dose of N and P) (RDN) (120 kg N ha–1 and 25.8 kg P ha–1) and two sources of N and P (fertilizer and cyanobacterial-bacterial inoculation) were tested with and without zinc (Zn) fertilization in all CEMs. The concentration of N in PTR and SRI was significantly higher than ARS with higher uptake of 10.3 and 11.1 kg ha–1 in PTR and SRI over ARS. Treatment with 100% RDN led to significantly higher N availability and uptake than 75% RDN and absolute control, i.e. 14.5 and 32.0 kg ha–1, respectively. Application of Anabaena-Pseudomonas biofilm formulation (MC2) in conjunction with 75% RDN increased total uptake of N by 12.7 kg ha–1 compared to 75% RDN only. A positive correlation was found between N concentration and acetylene reductase activity at 70 days after sowing (DAS) (R2 = 0.52) and 100 DAS (R2 = 0.38) based on mean of 2 years study. Zn fertilization significantly increased N concentration in rice straw and milled rice irrespective of the crop establishment methods. Our study signifies the importance of microbial inoculation, optimal N fertilization along with SRI and PTR as more effective crop establishment methods for deriving greater benefits in terms of N nutrition in rice.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
PTR had higher rice nitrogen concentration than ARS and 10.3 kg ha–1 higher uptake.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The concentration of N in PTR and SRI was significantly higher than ARS with higher uptake of 10.3 and 11.1 kg ha–1 in PTR and SRI over ARS”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
SRI had higher rice nitrogen concentration than ARS.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The concentration of N in PTR and SRI was significantly higher than ARS”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
PTR had 10.3 kg ha–1 higher nitrogen uptake than ARS.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher uptake of 10.3 and 11.1 kg ha–1 in PTR and SRI over ARS”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
SRI had 11.1 kg ha–1 higher nitrogen uptake than ARS.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- SRIe0
- Outcome
- uptakee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 11.1 kg ha–1e0
- Comparator
- ARSe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher uptake of 10.3 and 11.1 kg ha–1 in PTR and SRI over ARS”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
100% RDN increased nitrogen availability relative to 75% RDN and control.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 100% RDNe0
- Outcome
- N availabilitye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 14.5e0
- Comparator
- 75% RDN and absolute controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment with 100% RDN led to significantly higher N availability and uptake than 75% RDN and absolute control, i.e. 14.5 and 32.0 kg ha–1, respectively”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
100% RDN increased nitrogen uptake relative to 75% RDN and control.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 100% RDNe0
- Outcome
- uptakee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 32.0 kg ha–1e0
- Comparator
- 75% RDN and absolute controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment with 100% RDN led to significantly higher N availability and uptake than 75% RDN and absolute control, i.e. 14.5 and 32.0 kg ha–1, respectively”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
MC2 with 75% RDN raised nitrogen uptake by 12.7 kg ha–1 relative to 75% RDN alone.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Anabaena-Pseudomonas biofilm formulation (MC2) in conjunction with 75% RDNe0
- Interactor
- Anabaena-Pseudomonase0symbiont
- Outcome
- total uptake of Ne0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 12.7 kg ha–1e0
- Comparator
- 75% RDN onlye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of Anabaena-Pseudomonas biofilm formulation (MC2) in conjunction with 75% RDN increased total uptake of N by 12.7 kg ha–1 compared to 75% RDN only”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen concentration correlated positively with acetylene reductase activity at 70 DAS.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- 70 days after sowinge0
- Gene
- acetylene reductasee0
- Outcome
- N concentratione0
- Direction
- positivee0
- Value
- R2 = 0.52e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A positive correlation was found between N concentration and acetylene reductase activity at 70 days after sowing (DAS) (R2 = 0.52)”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen concentration correlated positively with acetylene reductase activity at 100 DAS.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- 100 DASe0
- Gene
- acetylene reductase activitye0
- Outcome
- N concentratione0
- Direction
- positivee0
- Value
- R2 = 0.38e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A positive correlation was found between N concentration and acetylene reductase activity at 70 days after sowing (DAS) (R2 = 0.52) and 100 DAS (R2 = 0.38)”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc fertilization increased nitrogen concentration in rice straw.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- rice strawe0
- Treatment
- Zn fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- N concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zn fertilization significantly increased N concentration in rice straw and milled rice irrespective of the crop establishment methods”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc fertilization increased nitrogen concentration in milled rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- milled ricee0
- Treatment
- Zn fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- N concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zn fertilization significantly increased N concentration in rice straw and milled rice irrespective of the crop establishment methods”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors favor microbial inoculation and optimal nitrogen fertilization with SRI and PTR for rice nitrogen nutrition.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- greater benefits in terms of N nutritione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Our study signifies the importance of microbial inoculation, optimal N fertilization along with SRI and PTR as more effective crop establishment methods for deriving greater benefits in terms of N nutrition in rice”
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See all 108 papers →8 of 10 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.