Abstract
Allelopathy is a complex phenomenon which depends on allelochemical concentrations. So, two pot experiments were carried out to investigate the allelopathic effect of alcoholic fresh shoot extract of Eruca sativa (foliar spray) and E. sativa shoot powder (mixed with soil) on Pisum sativum plants and two associated weeds, Phalaris minor and Beta vulgaris. The experiments were conducted in the greenhouse of the National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt during two successive winter seasons (2016–2017 and 2017–2018). Ten treatments were applied in this study. Four treatments were applied before sowing, that E. sativa shoot powder was mixed with the soil at rates of 15, 30, 45 and 60 g ⋅ pot–1. The other four treatments of E. sativa alcoholic fresh shoot extract were sprayed twice on both plants and weeds at 5, 10, 15 and 20% (w/v) concentrations. Additionally, two untreated treatments, healthy (P. sativum only) and unweeded (untreated infested P. sativum plants with weeds) were applied for comparison. The results indicated that both alcoholic extracts and powder reduced growth of both weeds. Moreover, there was a direct relationship between concentration and weed reduction. Eruca sativa alcoholic extracts increased yield parameters of P. sativum plants. The maximum yield attributes were recorded by spraying of E. sativa alcoholic extract at 20%. On the other hand, it was clearly noticed that the high powder rates affected negatively P. sativum yield parameters. But the lowest powder rate (15 g ⋅ pot–1) stimulated P. sativum yield parameters as compared to unweeded treatment. Chemical analysis of E. sativa shoot powder ensured that the abundant amount of glucosinolates (9.6 μmol ⋅ g–1) and phenolic compounds (46.5 mg ⋅ g–1) may be responsible for its allelopathic effect. In conclusion, spraying of alcoholic fresh shoot extract of E. sativa at 20% (w/v) and mixing E. sativa shoot powder at 15 g · pot–1can be applied as natural bioherbicides for controlling weeds.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Eruca sativa alcoholic extract reduced growth of Phalaris minor and Beta vulgaris weeds.
- Taxon
- P. sativum
Lathyrus oleraceuse2 - Treatment
- alcoholic extractse0
- Interactor
- Phalaris minor and Beta vulgaris
Beta vulgaris.jpg?width=60)
Phalaris minore1weed - Outcome
- growth of both weedse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“both alcoholic extracts and powder reduced growth of both weeds”
e1“Phalaris minor and Beta vulgaris”
e2“Eruca sativa alcoholic extracts increased yield parameters of P. sativum plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Eruca sativa shoot powder reduced growth of Phalaris minor and Beta vulgaris weeds.
- Taxon
- P. sativumLathyrus oleraceuse2
- Treatment
- powdere0
- Interactor
- Phalaris minor and Beta vulgarisBeta vulgarisPhalaris minore1weed
- Outcome
- growth of both weedse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both alcoholic extracts and powder reduced growth of both weeds”
e1“Phalaris minor and Beta vulgaris”
e2“untreated infested P. sativum plants with weeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher Eruca treatment concentration was associated with greater weed reduction.
- Taxon
- P. sativumLathyrus oleraceuse1
- Treatment
- concentratione0
- Interactor
- Phalaris minor and Beta vulgarisBeta vulgarisPhalaris minore2weed
- Outcome
- weed reductione0
- Direction
- direct relationshipe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there was a direct relationship between concentration and weed reduction”
e1“Eruca sativa alcoholic extracts increased yield parameters of P. sativum plants.”
e2“Phalaris minor and Beta vulgaris”
Claim · model-written summary
Eruca sativa alcoholic extracts increased pea yield parameters.
- Taxon
- P. sativumLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Treatment
- Eruca sativa alcoholic extractse0
- Outcome
- yield parameterse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Eruca sativa alcoholic extracts increased yield parameters of P. sativum plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Spraying 20% Eruca sativa alcoholic extract gave the maximum pea yield attributes.
- Taxon
- P. sativumLathyrus oleraceuse1
- Treatment
- spraying of E. sativa alcoholic extract at 20%e0
- Outcome
- yield attributese0
- Direction
- maximume0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum yield attributes were recorded by spraying of E. sativa alcoholic extract at 20%.”
e1“Eruca sativa alcoholic extracts increased yield parameters of P. sativum plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
High Eruca shoot powder rates negatively affected pea yield parameters.
- Taxon
- P. sativumLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Treatment
- high powder ratese0
- Outcome
- yield parameterse0
- Direction
- negativelye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the high powder rates affected negatively P. sativum yield parameters”
Claim · model-written summary
Eruca shoot powder at 15 g per pot stimulated pea yield parameters relative to the unweeded treatment.
- Taxon
- P. sativumLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Treatment
- 15 g ⋅ pot–1e0
- Outcome
- yield parameterse0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
- Comparator
- unweeded treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the lowest powder rate (15 g ⋅ pot–1) stimulated P. sativum yield parameters as compared to unweeded treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Eruca shoot powder contained 9.6 μmol per gram glucosinolates.
- Taxon
- E. sativa
Eruca vesicaria subsp. sativae0 - Outcome
- glucosinolatese0
- Value
- 9.6 μmol ⋅ g–1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“E. sativa shoot powder ensured that the abundant amount of glucosinolates (9.6 μmol ⋅ g–1) and phenolic compounds (46.5 mg ⋅ g–1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Eruca shoot powder contained 46.5 mg per gram phenolic compounds.
- Taxon
- E. sativaEruca vesicaria subsp. sativae0
- Outcome
- phenolic compoundse0
- Value
- 46.5 mg ⋅ g–1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“E. sativa shoot powder ensured that the abundant amount of glucosinolates (9.6 μmol ⋅ g–1) and phenolic compounds (46.5 mg ⋅ g–1)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose that glucosinolates and phenolics may explain the allelopathic effect of Eruca powder.
- Taxon
- E. sativaEruca vesicaria subsp. sativae1
- Compound
- glucosinolatese0
- Outcome
- allelopathic effecte0
- Qualifier
- may be responsiblee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“glucosinolates (9.6 μmol ⋅ g–1) and phenolic compounds (46.5 mg ⋅ g–1) may be responsible for its allelopathic effect”
e1“Chemical analysis of E. sativa shoot powder”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend 20% Eruca alcoholic extract spray for weed control.
- Taxon
- P. sativumLathyrus oleraceuse1
- Treatment
- alcoholic fresh shoot extract of E. sativa at 20% (w/v)e0
- Outcome
- controlling weedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“spraying of alcoholic fresh shoot extract of E. sativa at 20% (w/v) and mixing E. sativa shoot powder at 15 g · pot–1can be applied as natural bioherbicides for controlling weeds”
e1“Eruca sativa alcoholic extracts increased yield parameters of P. sativum plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend 15 g per pot Eruca shoot powder for weed control.
- Taxon
- P. sativumLathyrus oleraceuse1
- Treatment
- E. sativa shoot powder at 15 g · pot–1e0
- Outcome
- controlling weedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“spraying of alcoholic fresh shoot extract of E. sativa at 20% (w/v) and mixing E. sativa shoot powder at 15 g · pot–1can be applied as natural bioherbicides for controlling weeds”
e1“Eruca sativa alcoholic extracts increased yield parameters of P. sativum plants.”
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See all 83 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.