Abstract
Moringa seeds (Moringa oleifera) are rich in oil contents, the purpose of this study is to extract the oil from the whole seeds and kernels of the Egyptian Moringa by cold and hot extraction methods and to study the effect of extraction method on the composition of fatty acids, tocopherols and triglycerides in extracted oil. The results indicated that the amount of extracted oil by hot extraction were 28.85% and 39.23% and by cold extraction were 21.39% and 29.34% for whole seeds and kernels, respectively. The main saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in both were behenic (6.76 – 6.49%) and oleic (66.22 – 65.78%) acids. Palmitic acid was higher in the kernels than in the whole seeds (5.90 – 5.55%), while vaccenic acid was higher in the whole seeds than in the kernels (6.33 – 6.15%), respectively. After cold extraction, stearic and behenic acids increased in whole seeds (4.55 to 5.51%), (6.76 to 7.67%) and kernels (4.45 to 5.52%), (6.49 to 7.85%), respectively. While, oleic, vaccenic, linoleic and gondoic acids decreased by cold extraction in whole seeds and kernels. Tocopherols obtained from kernels were more than whole seeds. α-Tocopherol by hot extraction in the kernels and the whole seeds was 20.92 and 14.61 mg/100g, respectively. Using cold extraction in kernels caused significant decrease in α-Tocopherol (20.92 – 16.82 mg/100g). A significant difference appeared between whole seeds and kernels in the triglycerides (2,3-dioleyl-1-palmitoylglycerol) "POO" (15.64% and 15.86%) and (1,2,3 trioleylglycerol) "OOO" (34.22 and 34.32%). After cold extraction in both, triglycerides (1,3-distearoyl-2-oleylglycerol) "SOS" and (2,3-dioleyl-1- stearoyl) "SOO" increased (1.77 – 2.17% and 9.82 – 11.25% whole seeds) and (1.80 – 2.07% and 9.86 – 11.38% kernels).
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Hot extraction yielded 28.85% oil from whole seeds.
- Taxon
- Moringa oleifera
Moringa oleiferat0 - Organ / stage
- whole seedse0
- Treatment
- hot extractione0
- Outcome
- extracted oile0
- Value
- 28.85%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the amount of extracted oil by hot extraction were 28.85% and 39.23% and by cold extraction were 21.39% and 29.34% for whole seeds and kernels”
t0“Moringa oleifera”
Claim · model-written summary
Hot extraction yielded 39.23% oil from kernels.
- Taxon
- Moringa oleiferaMoringa oleiferat0
- Organ / stage
- kernelse0
- Treatment
- hot extractione0
- Outcome
- extracted oile0
- Value
- 39.23%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the amount of extracted oil by hot extraction were 28.85% and 39.23% and by cold extraction were 21.39% and 29.34% for whole seeds and kernels”
t0“Moringa oleifera”
Claim · model-written summary
Cold extraction yielded 21.39% oil from whole seeds.
- Taxon
- Moringa oleiferaMoringa oleiferat0
- Organ / stage
- whole seedse0
- Treatment
- cold extractione0
- Outcome
- extracted oile0
- Value
- 21.39%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the amount of extracted oil by hot extraction were 28.85% and 39.23% and by cold extraction were 21.39% and 29.34% for whole seeds and kernels”
t0“Moringa oleifera”
Claim · model-written summary
Cold extraction yielded 29.34% oil from kernels.
- Taxon
- Moringa oleiferaMoringa oleiferat0
- Organ / stage
- kernelse0
- Treatment
- cold extractione0
- Outcome
- extracted oile0
- Value
- 29.34%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the amount of extracted oil by hot extraction were 28.85% and 39.23% and by cold extraction were 21.39% and 29.34% for whole seeds and kernels”
t0“Moringa oleifera”
Claim · model-written summary
Behenic acid was the main saturated fatty acid in both seed parts.
- Taxon
- Moringa oleiferaMoringa oleiferat0
- Outcome
- behenice0
- Value
- 6.76 – 6.49%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The main saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in both were behenic (6.76 – 6.49%) and oleic (66.22 – 65.78%) acids”
t0“Moringa oleifera”
Claim · model-written summary
Oleic acid was the main unsaturated fatty acid in both seed parts.
- Taxon
- Moringa oleiferaMoringa oleiferat0
- Outcome
- oleice0
- Value
- 66.22 – 65.78%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The main saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in both were behenic (6.76 – 6.49%) and oleic (66.22 – 65.78%) acids”
t0“Moringa oleifera”
Claim · model-written summary
Palmitic acid was higher in kernels than whole seeds.
- Taxon
- Moringa oleiferaMoringa oleiferat0
- Organ / stage
- kernelse0
- Outcome
- Palmitic acide0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 5.90 – 5.55%e0
- Comparator
- whole seedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Palmitic acid was higher in the kernels than in the whole seeds (5.90 – 5.55%)”
t0“Moringa oleifera”
Claim · model-written summary
Vaccenic acid was higher in whole seeds than kernels.
- Taxon
- Moringa oleiferaMoringa oleiferat0
- Organ / stage
- whole seedse0
- Outcome
- vaccenic acide0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 6.33 – 6.15%e0
- Comparator
- kernelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“vaccenic acid was higher in the whole seeds than in the kernels (6.33 – 6.15%)”
t0“Moringa oleifera”
Claim · model-written summary
Cold extraction increased stearic acid in whole seeds from 4.55 to 5.51%.
- Taxon
- Moringa oleiferaMoringa oleiferat0
- Organ / stage
- whole seedse0
- Treatment
- cold extractione0
- Outcome
- stearice0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 4.55 to 5.51%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After cold extraction, stearic and behenic acids increased in whole seeds (4.55 to 5.51%), (6.76 to 7.67%)”
t0“Moringa oleifera”
Claim · model-written summary
Cold extraction increased behenic acid in whole seeds from 6.76 to 7.67%.
- Taxon
- Moringa oleiferaMoringa oleiferat0
- Organ / stage
- whole seedse0
- Treatment
- cold extractione0
- Outcome
- behenice0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 6.76 to 7.67%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After cold extraction, stearic and behenic acids increased in whole seeds (4.55 to 5.51%), (6.76 to 7.67%)”
t0“Moringa oleifera”
Claim · model-written summary
Cold extraction increased stearic acid in kernels from 4.45 to 5.52%.
- Taxon
- Moringa oleiferaMoringa oleiferat0
- Organ / stage
- kernelse0
- Treatment
- cold extractione0
- Outcome
- stearice0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 4.45 to 5.52%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After cold extraction, stearic and behenic acids increased in whole seeds (4.55 to 5.51%), (6.76 to 7.67%) and kernels (4.45 to 5.52%), (6.49 to 7.85%)”
t0“Moringa oleifera”
Claim · model-written summary
Cold extraction increased behenic acid in kernels from 6.49 to 7.85%.
- Taxon
- Moringa oleiferaMoringa oleiferat0
- Organ / stage
- kernelse0
- Treatment
- cold extractione0
- Outcome
- behenice0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 6.49 to 7.85%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After cold extraction, stearic and behenic acids increased in whole seeds (4.55 to 5.51%), (6.76 to 7.67%) and kernels (4.45 to 5.52%), (6.49 to 7.85%)”
t0“Moringa oleifera”
Claim · model-written summary
Cold extraction decreased oleic, vaccenic, and linoleic acids in both seed parts.
- Taxon
- Moringa oleiferaMoringa oleiferat0
- Treatment
- cold extractione0
- Outcome
- oleic, vaccenic, linoleice0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“oleic, vaccenic, linoleic and gondoic acids decreased by cold extraction in whole seeds and kernels”
t0“Moringa oleifera”
Claim · model-written summary
Cold extraction decreased gondoic acid in both seed parts.
- Taxon
- Moringa oleiferaMoringa oleiferat0
- Treatment
- cold extractione0
- Outcome
- gondoic acidse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“oleic, vaccenic, linoleic and gondoic acids decreased by cold extraction in whole seeds and kernels”
t0“Moringa oleifera”
Claim · model-written summary
Kernels yielded more tocopherols than whole seeds.
- Taxon
- Moringa oleiferaMoringa oleiferat0
- Organ / stage
- kernelse0
- Outcome
- Tocopherolse0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- whole seedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tocopherols obtained from kernels were more than whole seeds”
t0“Moringa oleifera”
Claim · model-written summary
Hot extraction produced alpha tocopherol contents of 20.92 mg/100g in kernels and 14.61 mg/100g in whole seeds.
- Taxon
- Moringa oleiferaMoringa oleiferat0
- Organ / stage
- kernelse0
- Treatment
- hot extractione0
- Outcome
- α-Tocopherole0
- Value
- 20.92 and 14.61 mg/100ge0
- Comparator
- whole seedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“α-Tocopherol by hot extraction in the kernels and the whole seeds was 20.92 and 14.61 mg/100g”
t0“Moringa oleifera”
Claim · model-written summary
Cold extraction significantly decreased alpha tocopherol in kernels.
- Taxon
- Moringa oleiferaMoringa oleiferat0
- Organ / stage
- kernelse0
- Treatment
- cold extractione0
- Outcome
- α-Tocopherole0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 20.92 – 16.82 mg/100ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Using cold extraction in kernels caused significant decrease in α-Tocopherol (20.92 – 16.82 mg/100g)”
t0“Moringa oleifera”
Claim · model-written summary
POO triglyceride differed significantly between whole seeds and kernels.
- Taxon
- Moringa oleiferaMoringa oleiferat0
- Organ / stage
- whole seedse0
- Outcome
- 2,3-dioleyl-1-palmitoylglycerole0
- Value
- 15.64% and 15.86%e0
- Comparator
- kernelse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A significant difference appeared between whole seeds and kernels in the triglycerides (2,3-dioleyl-1-palmitoylglycerol) "POO" (15.64% and 15.86%)”
t0“Moringa oleifera”
Claim · model-written summary
OOO triglyceride differed significantly between whole seeds and kernels.
- Taxon
- Moringa oleiferaMoringa oleiferat0
- Organ / stage
- whole seedse0
- Outcome
- 1,2,3 trioleylglycerole0
- Value
- 34.22 and 34.32%e0
- Comparator
- kernelse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A significant difference appeared between whole seeds and kernels in the triglycerides (2,3-dioleyl-1-palmitoylglycerol) "POO" (15.64% and 15.86%) and (1,2,3 trioleylglycerol) "OOO" (34.22 and 34.32%)”
t0“Moringa oleifera”
Claim · model-written summary
Cold extraction increased SOS and SOO triglycerides in whole seeds and kernels.
- Taxon
- Moringa oleiferaMoringa oleiferat0
- Treatment
- cold extractione0
- Outcome
- SOS" and (2,3-dioleyl-1- stearoyl) "SOOe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After cold extraction in both, triglycerides (1,3-distearoyl-2-oleylglycerol) "SOS" and (2,3-dioleyl-1- stearoyl) "SOO" increased (1.77 – 2.17% and 9.82 – 11.25% whole seeds) and (1.80 – 2.07% and 9.86 – 11.38% kernels)”
t0“Moringa oleifera”