Abstract
The present study was conducted to assess the allelopathic effect of leaf and bark aqueous extracts of Robinia pseudoacacia on germination and growth of some important food crops of the Garhwal Himalayas viz. Triticum aestivum, Hordeum vulgare, Lens culinaris and Brassica rapa in laboratory and pot culture experiment. Different leaf and bark aqueous extracts (5%, 10%, and 15%) were prepared by soaking 25g, 50g and 75g of dry leaves and bark powder in 500mL of distilled water for 24 hours at room temperature and the resultant leaf and bark extracts were used to irrigate the seeds of various test crops. The results revealed that in laboratory conditions the concentration dependent significant inhibitory effect of all the concentrations of aqueous leaf extracts on germination, root length and shoot length of all the test crops except in Hordeum vulgare where, the stimulatory effect of all the concentrations of leaf extract was observed in shoot length. Among all the test crops Lens culinaris was found most sensitive with (41.6%) germination and root length (2.1 cm) in the seeds treated with 15% concentration of leaf extract as compared to control having germination (72.3%) and root length (7.2 cm). Similarly the maximum reduction by the 15% concentration of leaf extract was noticed in the shoot length of Brassica rapa (5.5 cm) as compared to control (9.1cm). The 15% bark extract showed the maximum inhibitory effect on the germination of Hordeum vulgare where germination percentage was reduced (48.0%) as compared to control (81.6%). Similarly, the maximum reduction in root length (2.7 cm) and shoot length (2.1 cm) as compared to control with root length (7.2 cm) and shoot length (6.7 cm) was observed in Lens culinaris by 15% bark extract. In pot culture experiment Hordeum vulgare was most sensitive with respect to germination percentage (39.2%) in 15% leaf extract as compared to control (77.0). While in root length maximum inhibitory effect was recorded in Brassica rapa (3.4 cm) by 5% leaf extract as compare with control (4.2 cm). In general the non-significant stimulatory effect of all the concentrations of leaf extract was observed in all the test crops whereas, in Lens culenaris the effect was significant stimulatory with shoot length (19.5cm) in 15% concentration as compared to control (19.0 cm). Similarly 15% bark extract, performed maximum reduction in Brassica rapa where the germination percentage was significantly reduced down (40.7%) as compare with control (77.5%). However, the effect of all the concentrations of bark extract showed non-significant effect on root length and shoot length of all the test crops. Therefore, to reduce allopathic effect on all the test crops viz., Triticum aestivum, Hordeum vulgare, Lens culinaris and Brassica rapa it is advised to remove the fallen leaves and bark from the field.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Aqueous leaf extract of Robinia pseudoacacia significantly inhibited germination, root length and shoot length of the test crops in laboratory conditions, concentration-dependently, except in Hordeum vulgare.
Verbatim
e1“in laboratory conditions the concentration dependent significant inhibitory effect of all the concentrations of aqueous leaf extracts on germination, root length and shoot length of all the test crops except in Hordeum vulgare”
e2“Among all the test crops Lens culinaris was found most sensitive with (41.6%) germination and root length (2.1 cm) in the seeds treated with 15% concentration of leaf extract as compared to control having germination (72.3%) and root length (7.2 cm)”
Claim · model-written summary
In Lens culinaris, 15% leaf extract reduced germination to 41.6% against 72.3% in the control.
- Taxon
- Lens culinaris
Lens culinarise2 - Treatment
- 15% concentration of leaf extracte2
- Outcome
- germinatione2
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede2
- Value
- 41.6%e2
- Qualifier
- 72.3%e2
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Among all the test crops Lens culinaris was found most sensitive with (41.6%) germination and root length (2.1 cm) in the seeds treated with 15% concentration of leaf extract as compared to control having germination (72.3%) and root length (7.2 cm)”
Claim · model-written summary
In Lens culinaris, 15% leaf extract reduced root length to 2.1 cm against 7.2 cm in the control.
- Taxon
- Lens culinarisLens culinarise2
- Treatment
- 15% concentration of leaf extracte2
- Outcome
- root lengthe2
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede2
- Value
- 2.1 cme2
- Qualifier
- 7.2 cme2
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Among all the test crops Lens culinaris was found most sensitive with (41.6%) germination and root length (2.1 cm) in the seeds treated with 15% concentration of leaf extract as compared to control having germination (72.3%) and root length (7.2 cm)”
Claim · model-written summary
The maximum reduction by 15% leaf extract in shoot length of Brassica rapa was to 5.5 cm against 9.1 cm in the control.
- Taxon
- Brassica rapa
Brassica rapae1 - Treatment
- 15% concentration of leaf extracte1
- Outcome
- shoot lengthe1
- Direction
- maximum reductione1
- Value
- 5.5 cme1
- Qualifier
- 9.1cme1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Similarly the maximum reduction by the 15% concentration of leaf extract was noticed in the shoot length of Brassica rapa (5.5 cm) as compared to control (9.1cm)”
Claim · model-written summary
The 15% bark extract reduced germination of Hordeum vulgare to 48.0% against 81.6% in the control.
- Taxon
- Hordeum vulgare
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaree1 - Treatment
- 15% bark extracte1
- Outcome
- germination percentagee1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 48.0%e1
- Qualifier
- 81.6%e1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e1“The 15% bark extract showed the maximum inhibitory effect on the germination of Hordeum vulgare where germination percentage was reduced (48.0%) as compared to control (81.6%)”
Claim · model-written summary
The 15% bark extract caused the maximum reduction of root length in Lens culinaris, to 2.7 cm against 7.2 cm in the control.
- Taxon
- Lens culinarisLens culinarise1
- Treatment
- 15% bark extracte1
- Outcome
- root lengthe1
- Direction
- maximum reductione1
- Value
- 2.7 cme1
- Qualifier
- 7.2 cme1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Similarly, the maximum reduction in root length (2.7 cm) and shoot length (2.1 cm) as compared to control with root length (7.2 cm) and shoot length (6.7 cm) was observed in Lens culinaris by 15% bark extract”
Claim · model-written summary
The 15% bark extract caused the maximum reduction of shoot length in Lens culinaris, to 2.1 cm against 6.7 cm in the control.
- Taxon
- Lens culinarisLens culinarise1
- Treatment
- 15% bark extracte1
- Outcome
- shoot lengthe1
- Direction
- maximum reductione1
- Value
- 2.1 cme1
- Qualifier
- 6.7 cme1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Similarly, the maximum reduction in root length (2.7 cm) and shoot length (2.1 cm) as compared to control with root length (7.2 cm) and shoot length (6.7 cm) was observed in Lens culinaris by 15% bark extract”
Claim · model-written summary
In pot culture, 15% leaf extract reduced germination of Hordeum vulgare to 39.2% against 77.0 in the control.
- Taxon
- Hordeum vulgareHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- 15% leaf extracte1
- Outcome
- germination percentagee1
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede1
- Value
- 39.2%e1
- Qualifier
- 77.0e1
- Comparator
- controle1
- Setting
- pot culture experimente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In pot culture experiment Hordeum vulgare was most sensitive with respect to germination percentage (39.2%) in 15% leaf extract as compared to control (77.0)”
Claim · model-written summary
The maximum inhibitory effect on root length of Brassica rapa was 3.4 cm under 5% leaf extract against 4.2 cm in the control.
- Taxon
- Brassica rapaBrassica rapae1
- Treatment
- 5% leaf extracte1
- Outcome
- root lengthe1
- Direction
- maximum inhibitory effecte1
- Value
- 3.4 cme1
- Qualifier
- 4.2 cme1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“While in root length maximum inhibitory effect was recorded in Brassica rapa (3.4 cm) by 5% leaf extract as compare with control (4.2 cm)”
Claim · model-written summary
All concentrations of leaf extract had a non-significant stimulatory effect in all the test crops.
- Taxon
- all the test cropse1
- Treatment
- all the concentrations of leaf extracte1
- Outcome
- effecte1
- Direction
- stimulatorye1
- Qualifier
- non-significante1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e1“In general the non-significant stimulatory effect of all the concentrations of leaf extract was observed in all the test crops”
Claim · model-written summary
In Lens culenaris, 15% leaf extract significantly stimulated shoot length to 19.5 cm against 19.0 cm in the control.
Verbatim
e1“in Lens culenaris the effect was significant stimulatory with shoot length (19.5cm) in 15% concentration as compared to control (19.0 cm)”
Claim · model-written summary
The 15% bark extract significantly reduced germination percentage of Brassica rapa to 40.7% against 77.5% in the control.
- Taxon
- Brassica rapaBrassica rapae1
- Treatment
- 15% bark extracte1
- Outcome
- germination percentagee1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 40.7%e1
- Qualifier
- 77.5%e1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Similarly 15% bark extract, performed maximum reduction in Brassica rapa where the germination percentage was significantly reduced down (40.7%) as compare with control (77.5%)”
Claim · model-written summary
All concentrations of bark extract had a non-significant effect on root length and shoot length of all the test crops.
- Taxon
- all the test cropse1
- Treatment
- all the concentrations of bark extracte1
- Outcome
- root length and shoot lengthe1
- Direction
- non-significant effecte1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e1“However, the effect of all the concentrations of bark extract showed non-significant effect on root length and shoot length of all the test crops”
Claim · model-written summary
To reduce allelopathic effect on the test crops, the fallen leaves and bark should be removed from the field.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivum, Hordeum vulgare, Lens culinaris and Brassica rapaBrassica rapaLens culinarisHordeum vulgare
Triticum aestivume1 - Outcome
- remove the fallen leaves and bark from the fielde1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Therefore, to reduce allopathic effect on all the test crops viz., Triticum aestivum, Hordeum vulgare, Lens culinaris and Brassica rapa it is advised to remove the fallen leaves and bark from the field”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf extract had a stimulatory effect on shoot length of Hordeum vulgare at all concentrations in the laboratory.
- Taxon
- Hordeum vulgareHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- all the concentrations of leaf extracte1
- Outcome
- shoot lengthe1
- Direction
- stimulatorye1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“except in Hordeum vulgare where, the stimulatory effect of all the concentrations of leaf extract was observed in shoot length”
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See all 90 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.