Abstract
As a crop with high water consumption, rice is an important measure of efforts to improve agricultural irrigation efficiency and alleviate the contradiction between the supply and demand of agricultural water resources. This paper takes the Longtouqiao irrigation district, in the hinterland of the Sanjiang Plain, a major rice-producing area in northern China, as an example, and the AquaCrop crop growth model and entropy-cloud model are jointly used to develop a rice irrigation schedule optimization model based on three kinds of typical rainfall years. Different irrigation schemes are established and evaluated by using the model built based on images. The results showed that the yield’s normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) value of the AquaCrop model was 9.949% (< 10%) after calibration, and the our model results showed a good agreement with observed data, which indicated that the calibrated model was suitable for rice growth simulation in the research area. For the same irrigation water amount, rice was irrigated to a great extent at the tillering stage, and a small amount of irrigation water at the regreening stage of rice could improve rice yield. During irrigation, rice production can also be promoted by regulating the irrigation amount according to the rainfall in each growth period, and the optimal irrigation water amount can be controlled between 20 and 60 mm each time. Under the three typical annual scenarios of dry, normal and wet years, the respective optimal quantification results for the field capacity, total irrigation water amount and irrigation times in the rice growth period to attain the optimal irrigation effect were 25%, 425 mm, and 17 times, respectively; 25%, 450 mm, and 14 times; respectively, and 25%, 425 mm, and 17 times, respectively. The research results can provide a decision-making basis for water-saving measures and efficient rice irrigation water management.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
The calibrated AquaCrop model had a yield NRMSE of 9.949% (< 10%).
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativat0 - Outcome
- yield’s normalized root mean square error (NRMSE)e0
- Value
- 9.949%e0
- Qualifier
- after calibratione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“the yield’s normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) value of the AquaCrop model was 9.949% (< 10%) after calibration”
Claim · model-written summary
The model results showed good agreement with observed data.
Verbatim
e0“our model results showed a good agreement with observed data”
Claim · model-written summary
For the same irrigation water amount, heavy irrigation at the rice tillering stage plus a small amount at the regreening stage could improve rice yield.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- rice was irrigated to a great extent at the tillering stage, and a small amount of irrigation water at the regreening stagee0
- Outcome
- rice yielde0
- Direction
- improvee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For the same irrigation water amount, rice was irrigated to a great extent at the tillering stage, and a small amount of irrigation water at the regreening stage of rice could improve rice yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice production can be promoted by regulating the irrigation amount according to the rainfall in each growth period.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- regulating the irrigation amount according to the rainfall in each growth periode0
- Outcome
- rice productione0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice production can also be promoted by regulating the irrigation amount according to the rainfall in each growth period”
Claim · model-written summary
The optimal irrigation water amount for rice can be controlled between 20 and 60 mm each time.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- optimal irrigation water amounte0
- Value
- between 20 and 60 mme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“the optimal irrigation water amount can be controlled between 20 and 60 mm each time”
Claim · model-written summary
In a dry year, the optimal field capacity for rice irrigation was 25%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Outcome
- field capacitye1
- Value
- 25%e1
- Qualifier
- drye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under the three typical annual scenarios of dry, normal and wet years”
e1“the respective optimal quantification results for the field capacity, total irrigation water amount and irrigation times in the rice growth period to attain the optimal irrigation effect were 25%, 425 mm, and 17 times, respectively; 25%, 450 mm, and 14 times; respectively, and 25%, 425 mm, and 17 times, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
In a dry year, the optimal total irrigation water amount for rice irrigation was 425 mm.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Outcome
- total irrigation water amounte1
- Value
- 425 mme1
- Qualifier
- drye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under the three typical annual scenarios of dry, normal and wet years”
e1“the respective optimal quantification results for the field capacity, total irrigation water amount and irrigation times in the rice growth period to attain the optimal irrigation effect were 25%, 425 mm, and 17 times, respectively; 25%, 450 mm, and 14 times; respectively, and 25%, 425 mm, and 17 times, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
In a dry year, the optimal irrigation times for rice irrigation was 17 times.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Outcome
- irrigation timese1
- Value
- 17 timese1
- Qualifier
- drye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under the three typical annual scenarios of dry, normal and wet years”
e1“the respective optimal quantification results for the field capacity, total irrigation water amount and irrigation times in the rice growth period to attain the optimal irrigation effect were 25%, 425 mm, and 17 times, respectively; 25%, 450 mm, and 14 times; respectively, and 25%, 425 mm, and 17 times, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
In a normal year, the optimal field capacity for rice irrigation was 25%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Outcome
- field capacitye1
- Value
- 25%e1
- Qualifier
- normale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under the three typical annual scenarios of dry, normal and wet years”
e1“the respective optimal quantification results for the field capacity, total irrigation water amount and irrigation times in the rice growth period to attain the optimal irrigation effect were 25%, 425 mm, and 17 times, respectively; 25%, 450 mm, and 14 times; respectively, and 25%, 425 mm, and 17 times, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
In a normal year, the optimal total irrigation water amount for rice irrigation was 450 mm.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Outcome
- total irrigation water amounte1
- Value
- 450 mme1
- Qualifier
- normale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under the three typical annual scenarios of dry, normal and wet years”
e1“the respective optimal quantification results for the field capacity, total irrigation water amount and irrigation times in the rice growth period to attain the optimal irrigation effect were 25%, 425 mm, and 17 times, respectively; 25%, 450 mm, and 14 times; respectively, and 25%, 425 mm, and 17 times, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
In a normal year, the optimal irrigation times for rice irrigation was 14 times.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Outcome
- irrigation timese1
- Value
- 14 timese1
- Qualifier
- normale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under the three typical annual scenarios of dry, normal and wet years”
e1“the respective optimal quantification results for the field capacity, total irrigation water amount and irrigation times in the rice growth period to attain the optimal irrigation effect were 25%, 425 mm, and 17 times, respectively; 25%, 450 mm, and 14 times; respectively, and 25%, 425 mm, and 17 times, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
In a wet year, the optimal field capacity for rice irrigation was 25%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Outcome
- field capacitye1
- Value
- 25%e1
- Qualifier
- wete0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under the three typical annual scenarios of dry, normal and wet years”
e1“the respective optimal quantification results for the field capacity, total irrigation water amount and irrigation times in the rice growth period to attain the optimal irrigation effect were 25%, 425 mm, and 17 times, respectively; 25%, 450 mm, and 14 times; respectively, and 25%, 425 mm, and 17 times, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
In a wet year, the optimal total irrigation water amount for rice irrigation was 425 mm.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Outcome
- total irrigation water amounte1
- Value
- 425 mme1
- Qualifier
- wete0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under the three typical annual scenarios of dry, normal and wet years”
e1“the respective optimal quantification results for the field capacity, total irrigation water amount and irrigation times in the rice growth period to attain the optimal irrigation effect were 25%, 425 mm, and 17 times, respectively; 25%, 450 mm, and 14 times; respectively, and 25%, 425 mm, and 17 times, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
In a wet year, the optimal irrigation times for rice irrigation was 17 times.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Outcome
- irrigation timese1
- Value
- 17 timese1
- Qualifier
- wete0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under the three typical annual scenarios of dry, normal and wet years”
e1“the respective optimal quantification results for the field capacity, total irrigation water amount and irrigation times in the rice growth period to attain the optimal irrigation effect were 25%, 425 mm, and 17 times, respectively; 25%, 450 mm, and 14 times; respectively, and 25%, 425 mm, and 17 times, respectively”
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