Abstract
Activators of sesquiterpene synthase (STS) gene expression and sesquiterpene production in Piper betle L. were examined using quantitative real time PCR and gas chromatography mass spectrometry methods, and the allelopathic activity of untreated and Fusarium solani-treated betel extracts was tested on seed germination and on the shoot and root growth of Thai rice variety PSL2 (Oryza sativa cv. Phitsanulok 2) and three dominant paddy weeds (Eclipta prostrata, Echinochloa crus-galli and Chloris barbata). The results demonstrated that F. solani dramatically upregulated STS expression and productions of β-cubebene, β-caryophyllene and germacrene D sesquiterpene when compared with the untreated control, and that betel extracts had a greater inhibitory effect on weeds than on rice. The effects were more clearly detected on seed germination and root growth than on shoot growth, and they were found to be dose-dependent. It is also noted that F. solani-treated extract had stronger effects than the untreated extract. The species most sensitive to the allelopathic effects was C. barbata, germination of which was completely inhibited even at a dose of 0.1 mg/mL untreated extract. With regards to rice, although betel extract at 1.0 mg/mL showed no inhibition on germination, it affected the elongation of rice roots, in addition to those of the tested weeds. The obtained data suggested that F. solani has potential as an activator of sesquiterpene allelochemical production via STS expression, the latter leading to the treated betel extract having a stronger phytotoxic effect. These results were beneficial in the promotion of natural herbicide production using biotechnology.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
F. solani upregulated betel STS expression relative to untreated control.
- Taxon
- Piper betle L.
Piper betlet0 - Treatment
- F. solanie0
- Interactor
- F. solani
_Sacc._5393379.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium solanie0pathogen - Gene
- STSe0
- Outcome
- STS expressione0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Sacc._5393379.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The results demonstrated that F. solani dramatically upregulated STS expression and productions of β-cubebene, β-caryophyllene and germacrene D sesquiterpene when compared with the untreated control”
t0“Piper betle L.”
Claim · model-written summary
F. solani increased betel production of β-cubebene, β-caryophyllene and germacrene D relative to untreated control.
- Taxon
- Piper betle L.Piper betlet0
- Treatment
- F. solanie0
- Interactor
- F. solaniFusarium solanie0pathogen
- Outcome
- productions of β-cubebene, β-caryophyllene and germacrene D sesquiterpenee0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results demonstrated that F. solani dramatically upregulated STS expression and productions of β-cubebene, β-caryophyllene and germacrene D sesquiterpene when compared with the untreated control”
t0“Piper betle L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Betel extracts inhibited paddy weeds more than rice.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- betel extractse0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- inhibitory effecte0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- weedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“betel extracts had a greater inhibitory effect on weeds than on rice.”
Claim · model-written summary
Betel extract effects were more evident on seed germination and root growth than shoot growth.
Verbatim
e0“The effects were more clearly detected on seed germination and root growth than on shoot growth”
e1“Thai rice variety PSL2 (Oryza sativa cv. Phitsanulok 2)”
Claim · model-written summary
The allelopathic effects of betel extracts were dose dependent.
- Taxon
- Piper betle L.Piper betlet0
- Treatment
- betel extractse1
- Outcome
- dose-dependente0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“they were found to be dose-dependent.”
e1“betel extracts had a greater inhibitory effect on weeds than on rice.”
t0“Piper betle L.”
Claim · model-written summary
F. solani-treated betel extract had stronger allelopathic effects than untreated extract.
- Taxon
- Piper betle L.Piper betlet0
- Treatment
- F. solani-treated extracte0
- Interactor
- F. solaniFusarium solanie0pathogen
- Outcome
- effectse0
- Direction
- strongere0
- Comparator
- untreated extracte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“F. solani-treated extract had stronger effects than the untreated extract.”
t0“Piper betle L.”
Claim · model-written summary
C. barbata was the most sensitive species to betel allelopathy.
- Taxon
- C. barbata
Chloris barbatae0 - Treatment
- allelopathic effectse0
- Outcome
- most sensitivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The species most sensitive to the allelopathic effects was C. barbata”
Claim · model-written summary
Untreated betel extract completely inhibited C. barbata germination at 0.1 mg/mL.
- Taxon
- C. barbataChloris barbatae1
- Treatment
- 0.1 mg/mL untreated extracte0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- completely inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“germination of which was completely inhibited even at a dose of 0.1 mg/mL untreated extract.”
e1“The species most sensitive to the allelopathic effects was C. barbata”
Claim · model-written summary
Betel extract at 1.0 mg/mL did not inhibit rice germination.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- betel extract at 1.0 mg/mLe0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- no inhibitione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“betel extract at 1.0 mg/mL showed no inhibition on germination”
e1“betel extracts had a greater inhibitory effect on weeds than on rice.”
Claim · model-written summary
Betel extract affected elongation of rice roots.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- betel extracte1
- Outcome
- elongation of rice rootse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it affected the elongation of rice roots, in addition to those of the tested weeds.”
e1“betel extract at 1.0 mg/mL showed no inhibition on germination”
t0“Piper betle L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Betel extract affected root elongation of the tested weeds.
- Taxon
- weedse0
- Treatment
- betel extracte1
- Outcome
- elongation of rice roots, in addition to those of the tested weedse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“it affected the elongation of rice roots, in addition to those of the tested weeds.”
e1“betel extract at 1.0 mg/mL showed no inhibition on germination”
t0“Piper betle L.”
The same questions in other papers
botanical · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
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- positive
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See all 211 papers →botanical · growth · Chloris barbataResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.