Abstract
Considering the economic importance of the maize Zea mays (Poales: Poaceae) crop and the losses caused by the maize stem borer, an experiment was carried out in a plot of 15 m 2 that was equally divided into three replications using randomized complete block design to find the effect of granular and liquid insecticides on Chilo partellus and crop yield. The trial was laid out at the Agricultural Research Station in Baffa, Mansehra, Pakistan during the Kharif season 2015. In this experiment, granular insecticide Carbofuran 3G and liquid insecticides Cypermethrin10 EC, Endosulfan 35 EC, Karate 2.5 EC and Chlorpyrifos 10 EC were used for treating maize stem borer. The obtained results revealed that Carbofuran 3G proved significantly to be the most effective in reducing plant damage, the number of dead heart plants and the number of pest larvae. Additionally, the treatments caused an increase in grain yield. The liquid insecticides Cypermethrin and Karate ranked second, and Endosulfan and Chlorpyrifos ranked third in efficacy against the pest. On the basis of present findings, it was recommended that the granular form of insecticides in general and Carbofuran 3G in particular may be used for effective control of C. partellus in maize crop. The granules should be applied in plant whorls, which will give better results than application through other methods. In the case of foliar applications, Cypermethrin is recommended to get effective control among other liquid formulations. Although the chemical treatments which were used in this research gave good control of C. partellus infestations and increase in yield as compared to check, some variations still occur in the amount of damage, population density of the pest and yield of crop. These differences may be due to differences in types of treatments, methods of experimentation, and environmental factors like temperature, humidity etc.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Carbofuran 3G significantly reduced maize plant damage more effectively than the other treatments.
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Carbofuran 3G proved significantly to be the most effective in reducing plant damage, the number of dead heart plants and the number of pest larvae.”
e1“losses caused by the maize stem borer”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbofuran 3G significantly reduced dead heart plants more effectively than the other treatments.
- Treatment
- Carbofuran 3Ge0
- Interactor
- maize stem borere1pest
- Outcome
- number of dead heart plantse0
- Direction
- reducinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Carbofuran 3G proved significantly to be the most effective in reducing plant damage, the number of dead heart plants and the number of pest larvae.”
e1“losses caused by the maize stem borer”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbofuran 3G significantly reduced pest larvae more effectively than the other treatments.
- Treatment
- Carbofuran 3Ge0
- Interactor
- maize stem borere1pest
- Outcome
- number of pest larvaee0
- Direction
- reducinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Carbofuran 3G proved significantly to be the most effective in reducing plant damage, the number of dead heart plants and the number of pest larvae.”
e1“losses caused by the maize stem borer”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Insecticide treatments increased maize grain yield.
- Treatment
- Carbofuran 3G and liquid insecticides Cypermethrin10 EC, Endosulfan 35 EC, Karate 2.5 EC and Chlorpyrifos 10 ECe1
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the treatments caused an increase in grain yield”
e1“Carbofuran 3G and liquid insecticides Cypermethrin10 EC, Endosulfan 35 EC, Karate 2.5 EC and Chlorpyrifos 10 EC”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Cypermethrin ranked second in efficacy against the maize stem borer.
- Treatment
- Cypermethrine0
- Interactor
- maize stem borere1pest
- Outcome
- ranked seconde0
- Direction
- ranked seconde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The liquid insecticides Cypermethrin and Karate ranked second, and Endosulfan and Chlorpyrifos ranked third in efficacy against the pest.”
e1“losses caused by the maize stem borer”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Karate ranked second in efficacy against the maize stem borer.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The liquid insecticides Cypermethrin and Karate ranked second, and Endosulfan and Chlorpyrifos ranked third in efficacy against the pest.”
e1“losses caused by the maize stem borer”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Endosulfan ranked third in efficacy against the maize stem borer.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The liquid insecticides Cypermethrin and Karate ranked second, and Endosulfan and Chlorpyrifos ranked third in efficacy against the pest.”
e1“losses caused by the maize stem borer”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorpyrifos ranked third in efficacy against the maize stem borer.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The liquid insecticides Cypermethrin and Karate ranked second, and Endosulfan and Chlorpyrifos ranked third in efficacy against the pest.”
e1“losses caused by the maize stem borer”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend granular insecticides, particularly Carbofuran 3G, for Chilo partellus control in maize.
- Treatment
- Carbofuran 3Ge0
- Interactor
- C. partellus
_Figure_27c.jpg?width=60)
Chilo partelluse0pest - Outcome
- effective control of C. partelluse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Figure_27c.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“the granular form of insecticides in general and Carbofuran 3G in particular may be used for effective control of C. partellus in maize crop”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend applying insecticide granules in plant whorls for better results than other application methods.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The granules should be applied in plant whorls, which will give better results than application through other methods.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
For foliar application, the authors recommend Cypermethrin for pest control among liquid formulations.
- Treatment
- Cypermethrine0
- Interactor
- C. partellusChilo partelluse1pest
- Outcome
- effective controle0
- Comparator
- other liquid formulationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the case of foliar applications, Cypermethrin is recommended to get effective control among other liquid formulations.”
t0“Maize”
e1“control of C. partellus in maize crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Chemical treatments controlled Chilo partellus infestation compared with the check.
- Treatment
- chemical treatmentse0
- Interactor
- C. partellusChilo partelluse0pest
- Outcome
- C. partellus infestationse0
- Direction
- good controle0
- Comparator
- checke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the chemical treatments which were used in this research gave good control of C. partellus infestations and increase in yield as compared to check”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Chemical treatments increased yield compared with the check.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the chemical treatments which were used in this research gave good control of C. partellus infestations and increase in yield as compared to check”
t0“Maize”
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See all 66 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.