Abstract
The analysis of the effects of cadmium (Cd) on plant cells is crucial to understand defense mechanisms and adaptation strategies of plants against Cd toxicity. In this study, we examined stress-related enzyme activities after one and seven days of Cd application and the ultrastructure of roots of Pisum sativum L. after seven days of Cd treatment (10, 50, 100, and 200 μM CdSO4). Our results showed that phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity and the amount of Cd accumulated in the roots were significantly positively correlated with the Cd concentration used in our experiment. However, Cd caused a decrease of all studied antioxidative enzyme activities (i.e., catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX)). The analysis of the ultrastructure (TEM) showed various responses to Cd, depending on Cd concentrations. In general, lower Cd concentrations (50 and 100 μM CdSO4) mostly resulted in increased amounts of oil bodies, plastolysomes and the accumulation of starch granules in plastids. Meanwhile, roots treated with a higher concentration of Cd (200 μM CdSO4) additionally triggered protective responses such as an increased deposition of suberin lamellae in the endodermal cell walls. This indicates that Cd induces a complex defense response in root tissues.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
PAL activity was significantly positively correlated with applied Cd concentration.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativum L.
Lathyrus oleraceuse1 - Treatment
- Cd concentratione0
- Gene
- phenylalanine ammonia-lyasee0
- Outcome
- phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activitye0
- Direction
- positively correlatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity and the amount of Cd accumulated in the roots were significantly positively correlated with the Cd concentration used in our experiment.”
e1“roots of Pisum sativum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Root Cd accumulation was significantly positively correlated with applied Cd concentration.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativum L.Lathyrus oleraceuse1
- Treatment
- Cd concentratione0
- Outcome
- the amount of Cd accumulated in the rootse0
- Direction
- positively correlatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the amount of Cd accumulated in the roots were significantly positively correlated with the Cd concentration used in our experiment.”
e1“roots of Pisum sativum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd decreased CAT, APX and GPX activities.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativum L.Lathyrus oleraceuse1
- Treatment
- Cde0
- Outcome
- antioxidative enzyme activitiese0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cd caused a decrease of all studied antioxidative enzyme activities (i.e., catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX)).”
e1“roots of Pisum sativum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower Cd concentrations increased oil bodies, plastolysomes and starch accumulation in plastids.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativum L.Lathyrus oleraceuse1
- Treatment
- 50 and 100 μM CdSO4e0
- Outcome
- amounts of oil bodies, plastolysomes and the accumulation of starch granulese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- mostlye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lower Cd concentrations (50 and 100 μM CdSO4) mostly resulted in increased amounts of oil bodies, plastolysomes and the accumulation of starch granules in plastids.”
e1“roots of Pisum sativum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
200 μM CdSO4 increased suberin lamella deposition in endodermal walls.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativum L.Lathyrus oleraceuse1
- Organ / stage
- endodermal cell wallse0
- Treatment
- 200 μM CdSO4e0
- Outcome
- deposition of suberin lamellaee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“roots treated with a higher concentration of Cd (200 μM CdSO4) additionally triggered protective responses such as an increased deposition of suberin lamellae in the endodermal cell walls.”
e1“roots of Pisum sativum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd induces a complex root defense response.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativum L.Lathyrus oleraceuse1
- Organ / stage
- root tissuese0
- Treatment
- Cde0
- Outcome
- complex defense responsee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cd induces a complex defense response in root tissues.”
e1“roots of Pisum sativum L.”
The same questions in other papers
cadmium atom · soil: biology · Lathyrus oleraceus (pea)Results differ
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
cadmium sulfate · molecular: metabolites · Lathyrus oleraceus (pea)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.