Abstract
Disinfecting soil can reduce or eliminate crop loss from soilborne pathogens, parasitic nematodes, and weed competition. Biosolarization combines biotoxic products from organic matter decomposition and heat from solarization. While biosolarization offers an organic option for soil pest control and avoids human and environmental health risks associated with chemical fumigants, it still has broad negative impacts on microbial communities. Quickly reestablishing these communities can be key in preventing resurgence in disease pressure and in maximizing nutrient use efficiency. The objective of this study was to determine the ability of fertilization source, N fertilization rate, and/or inoculate to rebuild an active soil ecosystem in biosolarized soils by measuring nematode community structure, microbial biomass, and C and N mineralization in soil as well as kale yield and quality. The study was conducted using potted kale grown in biosolarized soils. Treatments were bare soil, receiving no fertilization, and soils receiving two different rates of organic, composted broiler litter or mineral fertilizer. Half of the pots in each treatment received a locally sourced microbial inoculant (LEM). Among the nonfertilized treatments, the soils that received applications of LEM mineralized more nitrogen and produced higher yields. Soils that received the highest rate of compost immobilized the greatest proportion of nitrogen applied, were the most cold-tolerant, and produced the largest yields. None of the kale that received heavy mineral fertilization without LEM inoculation survived a hard freeze; however, the ones that received LEM applications were able to partially recover. We also found that kale grown with lower rates of N (50 kg·ha −1 ), applied as compost plus LEM, had the greatest magnesium leaf content and were more economically efficient while producing an equally abundant and nutritious food.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Among nonfertilized treatments, LEM applications increased nitrogen mineralization in kale soils.
- Taxon
- kale
Brassica oleracea var. viridise0 - Treatment
- applications of LEMe1
- Outcome
- nitrogene1
- Direction
- moree1
- Comparator
- nonfertilized treatmentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The study was conducted using potted kale grown in biosolarized soils”
e1“Among the nonfertilized treatments, the soils that received applications of LEM mineralized more nitrogen and produced higher yields”
Claim · model-written summary
Among nonfertilized treatments, LEM applications gave higher kale yields.
- Taxon
- kaleBrassica oleracea var. viridise0
- Treatment
- applications of LEMe1
- Outcome
- yieldse1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- nonfertilized treatmentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The study was conducted using potted kale grown in biosolarized soils”
e1“Among the nonfertilized treatments, the soils that received applications of LEM mineralized more nitrogen and produced higher yields”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest rate of compost immobilized the greatest proportion of nitrogen applied in kale soils.
- Taxon
- kaleBrassica oleracea var. viridise0
- Treatment
- highest rate of composte2
- Outcome
- proportion of nitrogen appliede2
- Direction
- greateste2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The study was conducted using potted kale grown in biosolarized soils”
e2“Soils that received the highest rate of compost immobilized the greatest proportion of nitrogen applied, were the most cold-tolerant, and produced the largest yields”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest rate of compost made kale the most cold-tolerant.
- Taxon
- kaleBrassica oleracea var. viridise0
- Treatment
- highest rate of composte2
- Outcome
- cold-tolerante2
- Direction
- moste2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The study was conducted using potted kale grown in biosolarized soils”
e2“Soils that received the highest rate of compost immobilized the greatest proportion of nitrogen applied, were the most cold-tolerant, and produced the largest yields”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest rate of compost gave the largest kale yields.
- Taxon
- kaleBrassica oleracea var. viridise0
- Treatment
- highest rate of composte2
- Outcome
- yieldse2
- Direction
- largeste2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The study was conducted using potted kale grown in biosolarized soils”
e2“Soils that received the highest rate of compost immobilized the greatest proportion of nitrogen applied, were the most cold-tolerant, and produced the largest yields”
Claim · model-written summary
Kale receiving heavy mineral fertilization without LEM inoculation did not survive a hard freeze.
- Taxon
- kaleBrassica oleracea var. viridise0
- Treatment
- heavy mineral fertilization without LEM inoculatione3
- Outcome
- survived a hard freezee3
- Comparator
- the ones that received LEM applicationse3
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The study was conducted using potted kale grown in biosolarized soils”
e3“None of the kale that received heavy mineral fertilization without LEM inoculation survived a hard freeze; however, the ones that received LEM applications were able to partially recover”
Claim · model-written summary
Kale receiving LEM applications partially recovered after a hard freeze.
- Taxon
- kaleBrassica oleracea var. viridise0
- Treatment
- LEM applicationse3
- Outcome
- were able to partially recovere3
- Comparator
- heavy mineral fertilization without LEM inoculatione3
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The study was conducted using potted kale grown in biosolarized soils”
e3“None of the kale that received heavy mineral fertilization without LEM inoculation survived a hard freeze; however, the ones that received LEM applications were able to partially recover”
Claim · model-written summary
Kale grown with 50 kg/ha N as compost plus LEM had the greatest leaf magnesium content.
- Taxon
- kaleBrassica oleracea var. viridise0
- Treatment
- compost plus LEMe4
- Outcome
- magnesium leaf contente4
- Direction
- greateste4
- Value
- 50 kg·ha −1e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The study was conducted using potted kale grown in biosolarized soils”
e4“We also found that kale grown with lower rates of N (50 kg·ha −1 ), applied as compost plus LEM, had the greatest magnesium leaf content and were more economically efficient while producing an equally abundant and nutritious food”
Claim · model-written summary
Kale grown with 50 kg/ha N as compost plus LEM was more economically efficient.
- Taxon
- kaleBrassica oleracea var. viridise0
- Treatment
- compost plus LEMe4
- Outcome
- economically efficiente4
- Direction
- moree4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The study was conducted using potted kale grown in biosolarized soils”
e4“We also found that kale grown with lower rates of N (50 kg·ha −1 ), applied as compost plus LEM, had the greatest magnesium leaf content and were more economically efficient while producing an equally abundant and nutritious food”
Claim · model-written summary
Kale grown with 50 kg/ha N as compost plus LEM produced an equally abundant and nutritious food.
- Taxon
- kaleBrassica oleracea var. viridise0
- Treatment
- compost plus LEMe4
- Outcome
- abundant and nutritious foode4
- Direction
- equallye4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The study was conducted using potted kale grown in biosolarized soils”
e4“We also found that kale grown with lower rates of N (50 kg·ha −1 ), applied as compost plus LEM, had the greatest magnesium leaf content and were more economically efficient while producing an equally abundant and nutritious food”
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