Abstract
ABSTRACT Calcium improves seed formation and development of peanut kernels. Two primary sources of Ca fertilization in peanut are gypsum (CaSO4) and dolomitic lime (CaMg[CO3]2+CaCO3). Objectives of this research are to determine whether gypsum, lime, or application of both influences pH, extractable [Ca], [Mg], and [K] in the soil along with nutrient absorption, yield, and total sound mature kernels (TSMK) in peanut pods in irrigated compared to non-irrigated conditions. Experiments conducted in Tifton, GA in 2016 and 2017 evaluated Ca treatments with no supplemental Ca fertilizer, gypsum (330 kg Ca/ha) applied at first bloom, lime (897 kg Ca/ha) applied at planting, and lime (897 kg Ca/ha) applied at planting followed by gypsum (330 kg Ca/ha) applied at first bloom. Irrigating increased soil pH, [Ca] and [Mg] in pods, plus yield and TSMK of peanut. Irrigation also decreased [K] in pods, which was correlated with increased pod [Ca]. Soil pH and soil [Ca], [Mg], and [K] were influenced by fertilizer treatment, along with [Ca] and [Mg] in pods. Applications of lime increased pH and soil [Ca]. Lime also increased soil [Mg] when applied alone, but not when gypsum was also included. Application of gypsum reduced soil [Mg] when applied alone, but not when lime was included. The inclusion of both lime and gypsum reduced soil [K] compared to no application. These results display the competition of cations in soil. In peanut pods, using lime and gypsum increased [Ca] compared to no application, or only lime. However, when only gypsum was used, it reduced [Mg] in pods compared to a lime application or no fertilization. Although Ca fertilization did not affect yield, TSMK was greater when lime followed by gypsum were applied in sequence than where neither were applied in 2016. It is important to realize that applications of Ca can also influence concentrations of other cations important for growth. Peanut growers are encouraged to conduct soil tests to ensure soil [Mg] is not deficient or borderline before choosing to apply gypsum, and may require a supplemental Mg fertilizer if dolomitic lime was not applied.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation increased soil pH in peanut.
- Taxon
- peanut
Arachis hypogaeae1 - Treatment
- Irrigatinge1
- Outcome
- soil pHe1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- non-irrigated conditionse2
- Setting
- Tifton, GAe3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Irrigating increased soil pH, [Ca] and [Mg] in pods, plus yield and TSMK of peanut”
e2“in irrigated compared to non-irrigated conditions”
e3“Experiments conducted in Tifton, GA in 2016 and 2017”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation increased pod calcium and magnesium concentrations in peanut.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae1
- Treatment
- Irrigatinge1
- Outcome
- [Ca] and [Mg] in podse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- non-irrigated conditionse2
- Setting
- Tifton, GAe3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Irrigating increased soil pH, [Ca] and [Mg] in pods, plus yield and TSMK of peanut”
e2“in irrigated compared to non-irrigated conditions”
e3“Experiments conducted in Tifton, GA in 2016 and 2017”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation increased peanut yield and TSMK.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae1
- Treatment
- Irrigatinge1
- Outcome
- yield and TSMKe1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- non-irrigated conditionse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Irrigating increased soil pH, [Ca] and [Mg] in pods, plus yield and TSMK of peanut”
e2“in irrigated compared to non-irrigated conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation decreased pod potassium in peanut.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- Irrigatione1
- Outcome
- [K] in podse1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Comparator
- non-irrigated conditionse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Irrigation also decreased [K] in pods, which was correlated with increased pod [Ca]”
e2“in irrigated compared to non-irrigated conditions”
t0“Effect of Calcium Source and Irrigation on Soil and Plant Cation Concentrations in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pod potassium decrease under irrigation was correlated with increased pod calcium in peanut.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Compound
- [K]e1
- Outcome
- pod [Ca]e1
- Direction
- increasede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Irrigation also decreased [K] in pods, which was correlated with increased pod [Ca]”
t0“Effect of Calcium Source and Irrigation on Soil and Plant Cation Concentrations in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer treatment influenced soil pH in peanut.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- fertilizer treatmente1
- Outcome
- soil pHe1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Soil pH and soil [Ca], [Mg], and [K] were influenced by fertilizer treatment, along with [Ca] and [Mg] in pods”
t0“Effect of Calcium Source and Irrigation on Soil and Plant Cation Concentrations in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer treatment influenced soil calcium, magnesium and potassium in peanut.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- fertilizer treatmente1
- Outcome
- soil [Ca], [Mg], and [K]e1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Soil pH and soil [Ca], [Mg], and [K] were influenced by fertilizer treatment, along with [Ca] and [Mg] in pods”
t0“Effect of Calcium Source and Irrigation on Soil and Plant Cation Concentrations in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer treatment influenced pod calcium and magnesium in peanut.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- fertilizer treatmente1
- Outcome
- [Ca] and [Mg] in podse1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Soil pH and soil [Ca], [Mg], and [K] were influenced by fertilizer treatment, along with [Ca] and [Mg] in pods”
t0“Effect of Calcium Source and Irrigation on Soil and Plant Cation Concentrations in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Lime applications increased soil pH and soil calcium in peanut.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- Applications of limee1
- Outcome
- pH and soil [Ca]e1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Applications of lime increased pH and soil [Ca]”
t0“Effect of Calcium Source and Irrigation on Soil and Plant Cation Concentrations in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Lime applied alone increased soil magnesium in peanut.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- Limee1
- Outcome
- soil [Mg]e1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Lime also increased soil [Mg] when applied alone, but not when gypsum was also included”
t0“Effect of Calcium Source and Irrigation on Soil and Plant Cation Concentrations in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Lime with gypsum did not change soil magnesium in peanut compared with lime applied alone.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- gypsum was also includede1
- Outcome
- soil [Mg]e1
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede1
- Comparator
- when applied alonee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Lime also increased soil [Mg] when applied alone, but not when gypsum was also included”
t0“Effect of Calcium Source and Irrigation on Soil and Plant Cation Concentrations in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Gypsum applied alone reduced soil magnesium in peanut.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- Application of gypsume1
- Outcome
- soil [Mg]e1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Application of gypsum reduced soil [Mg] when applied alone, but not when lime was included”
t0“Effect of Calcium Source and Irrigation on Soil and Plant Cation Concentrations in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Gypsum with lime did not change soil magnesium in peanut compared with gypsum applied alone.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- lime was includede1
- Outcome
- soil [Mg]e1
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede1
- Comparator
- when applied alonee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Application of gypsum reduced soil [Mg] when applied alone, but not when lime was included”
t0“Effect of Calcium Source and Irrigation on Soil and Plant Cation Concentrations in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Lime and gypsum together reduced soil potassium compared with no application in peanut.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- The inclusion of both lime and gypsume1
- Outcome
- soil [K]e1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Comparator
- no applicatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The inclusion of both lime and gypsum reduced soil [K] compared to no application”
t0“Effect of Calcium Source and Irrigation on Soil and Plant Cation Concentrations in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Lime and gypsum increased pod calcium in peanut compared with no application or lime alone.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae1
- Treatment
- using lime and gypsume1
- Outcome
- [Ca]e1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- no application, or only limee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In peanut pods, using lime and gypsum increased [Ca] compared to no application, or only lime”
Claim · model-written summary
Gypsum alone reduced pod magnesium in peanut compared with lime or no fertilization.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- only gypsum was usede1
- Outcome
- [Mg] in podse1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Comparator
- a lime application or no fertilizatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“However, when only gypsum was used, it reduced [Mg] in pods compared to a lime application or no fertilization”
t0“Effect of Calcium Source and Irrigation on Soil and Plant Cation Concentrations in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium fertilization did not change peanut yield.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- Ca fertilizatione1
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Although Ca fertilization did not affect yield, TSMK was greater when lime followed by gypsum were applied in sequence than where neither were applied in 2016”
t0“Effect of Calcium Source and Irrigation on Soil and Plant Cation Concentrations in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
TSMK was greater with lime followed by gypsum than with neither applied, in 2016.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- lime followed by gypsum were applied in sequencee1
- Outcome
- TSMKe1
- Direction
- greatere1
- Comparator
- where neither were appliede1
- Setting
- 2016e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Although Ca fertilization did not affect yield, TSMK was greater when lime followed by gypsum were applied in sequence than where neither were applied in 2016”
t0“Effect of Calcium Source and Irrigation on Soil and Plant Cation Concentrations in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The calcium and magnesium results reflect competition of cations in soil in peanut.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Outcome
- competition of cations in soile1
- Qualifier
- competition of cationse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“These results display the competition of cations in soil”
t0“Effect of Calcium Source and Irrigation on Soil and Plant Cation Concentrations in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Peanut growers are encouraged to conduct soil tests before applying gypsum.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeae1
- Outcome
- conduct soil testse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Peanut growers are encouraged to conduct soil tests to ensure soil [Mg] is not deficient or borderline before choosing to apply gypsum”
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See all 683 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.