Abstract
Drought stress is an important challenge to global food security and agricultural output, and dramatic and rapid climate change has made the problem worse, causing unexpected impacts on the growth, development, and yield of different plants. Understanding the biochemical, ecological, and physiological reactions to these pressures is essential for improved management. Carbon materials’ impacts on plants subjected to different stresses are still poorly studied. Thus, this study was carried out investigate the feasibility of applying carbon nanotubes (CNTs) (0, 20, and 40 mg/L) as a foliar treatment for mitigating the effect of water stress (100%, 75%, and 50% irrigation water, IW) on peanut plants growing in sandy soil through assessments of growth and productivity and some physiological and biochemical measurements. Exposure of peanuts to decreased irrigation water led to significant decreases in growth, yield, photosynthetic pigments, indole acetic acid (IAA), and some nutritional components in peanut seeds, but increased levels of osmolytes such as total soluble carbohydrates (TSS) and proline, in addition to free amino acids and phenolics. However, foliar spraying with CNTs could ameliorate the impacts of decreased irrigation water on growth and production via enhancing the studied physiological parameters, such as photosynthetic pigments, IAA, osmolytes, and phenolics. Furthermore, the application of carbon nanotubes improved the nutrient contents, as expressed by the oil yield, protein yield, total carbohydrates, antioxidant activities (DPPH), B-carotene, lycopene, and flavonoids in peanut seeds, either under normal or water stress conditions. The higher level of CNTs (40 mg/L) was more effective than the lower one (20 mg/L) at increasing the above-mentioned parameters. In conclusion, foliar treatment with carbon nanotubes has the ability to enhance peanut drought tolerance and increase its growth and productivity under sandy soil conditions.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Decreased irrigation significantly decreased peanut growth and yield relative to 100% irrigation.
- Taxon
- peanuts
Arachis hypogaeae0 - Treatment
- decreased irrigation watere0
- Outcome
- growth, yielde0
- Direction
- decreasese0
- Comparator
- 100%e6
- Setting
- sandy soile6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exposure of peanuts to decreased irrigation water led to significant decreases in growth, yield, photosynthetic pigments, indole acetic acid (IAA), and some nutritional components in peanut seeds”
e6“water stress (100%, 75%, and 50% irrigation water, IW) on peanut plants growing in sandy soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Decreased irrigation significantly decreased photosynthetic pigments and IAA in peanut relative to 100% irrigation.
- Taxon
- peanutsArachis hypogaeae0
- Treatment
- decreased irrigation watere0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic pigments, indole acetic acid (IAA)e0
- Direction
- decreasese0
- Comparator
- 100%e6
- Setting
- sandy soile6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exposure of peanuts to decreased irrigation water led to significant decreases in growth, yield, photosynthetic pigments, indole acetic acid (IAA), and some nutritional components in peanut seeds”
e6“water stress (100%, 75%, and 50% irrigation water, IW) on peanut plants growing in sandy soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Decreased irrigation significantly decreased some nutritional components in peanut seeds relative to 100% irrigation.
- Taxon
- peanutsArachis hypogaeae0
- Organ / stage
- seedse0
- Treatment
- decreased irrigation watere0
- Outcome
- nutritional components in peanut seedse0
- Direction
- decreasese0
- Comparator
- 100%e6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exposure of peanuts to decreased irrigation water led to significant decreases in growth, yield, photosynthetic pigments, indole acetic acid (IAA), and some nutritional components in peanut seeds”
e6“water stress (100%, 75%, and 50% irrigation water, IW) on peanut plants growing in sandy soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Decreased irrigation increased total soluble carbohydrates (TSS) and proline in peanut plants.
- Taxon
- peanut plantsArachis hypogaeae6
- Treatment
- decreased irrigation watere0
- Outcome
- total soluble carbohydrates (TSS) and prolinee1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- 100%e6
- Setting
- sandy soile6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exposure of peanuts to decreased irrigation water led to significant decreases in growth, yield, photosynthetic pigments, indole acetic acid (IAA), and some nutritional components in peanut seeds”
e1“but increased levels of osmolytes such as total soluble carbohydrates (TSS) and proline, in addition to free amino acids and phenolics”
e6“water stress (100%, 75%, and 50% irrigation water, IW) on peanut plants growing in sandy soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Decreased irrigation increased free amino acids and phenolics in peanut plants.
- Taxon
- peanut plantsArachis hypogaeae6
- Treatment
- decreased irrigation watere0
- Outcome
- free amino acids and phenolicse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- 100%e6
- Setting
- sandy soile6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exposure of peanuts to decreased irrigation water led to significant decreases in growth, yield, photosynthetic pigments, indole acetic acid (IAA), and some nutritional components in peanut seeds”
e1“but increased levels of osmolytes such as total soluble carbohydrates (TSS) and proline, in addition to free amino acids and phenolics”
e6“water stress (100%, 75%, and 50% irrigation water, IW) on peanut plants growing in sandy soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar CNT spraying could ameliorate the effect of decreased irrigation on peanut growth and production.
- Taxon
- peanut plantsArachis hypogaeae6
- Treatment
- foliar spraying with CNTse2
- Outcome
- growth and productione2
- Direction
- amelioratee2
- Comparator
- decreased irrigation watere2
- Setting
- sandy soile6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“foliar spraying with CNTs could ameliorate the impacts of decreased irrigation water on growth and production via enhancing the studied physiological parameters, such as photosynthetic pigments, IAA, osmolytes, and phenolics”
e6“water stress (100%, 75%, and 50% irrigation water, IW) on peanut plants growing in sandy soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar CNT spraying enhanced photosynthetic pigments and IAA in peanut under decreased irrigation.
- Taxon
- peanut plantsArachis hypogaeae6
- Treatment
- foliar spraying with CNTse2
- Outcome
- photosynthetic pigments, IAAe2
- Direction
- enhancinge2
- Comparator
- decreased irrigation watere2
- Setting
- sandy soile6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“foliar spraying with CNTs could ameliorate the impacts of decreased irrigation water on growth and production via enhancing the studied physiological parameters, such as photosynthetic pigments, IAA, osmolytes, and phenolics”
e6“water stress (100%, 75%, and 50% irrigation water, IW) on peanut plants growing in sandy soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar CNT spraying enhanced osmolytes and phenolics in peanut under decreased irrigation.
- Taxon
- peanut plantsArachis hypogaeae6
- Treatment
- foliar spraying with CNTse2
- Outcome
- osmolytes, and phenolicse2
- Direction
- enhancinge2
- Comparator
- decreased irrigation watere2
- Setting
- sandy soile6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“foliar spraying with CNTs could ameliorate the impacts of decreased irrigation water on growth and production via enhancing the studied physiological parameters, such as photosynthetic pigments, IAA, osmolytes, and phenolics”
e6“water stress (100%, 75%, and 50% irrigation water, IW) on peanut plants growing in sandy soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbon nanotube application improved oil yield and protein yield in peanut seeds under normal or water stress conditions.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae3
- Organ / stage
- seedse3
- Treatment
- the application of carbon nanotubese3
- Outcome
- oil yield, protein yielde3
- Direction
- improvede3
- Qualifier
- either under normal or water stress conditionse3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“the application of carbon nanotubes improved the nutrient contents, as expressed by the oil yield, protein yield, total carbohydrates, antioxidant activities (DPPH), B-carotene, lycopene, and flavonoids in peanut seeds, either under normal or water stress conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbon nanotube application improved total carbohydrates and DPPH antioxidant activity in peanut seeds under normal or water stress conditions.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae3
- Organ / stage
- seedse3
- Treatment
- the application of carbon nanotubese3
- Outcome
- total carbohydrates, antioxidant activities (DPPH)e3
- Direction
- improvede3
- Qualifier
- either under normal or water stress conditionse3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“the application of carbon nanotubes improved the nutrient contents, as expressed by the oil yield, protein yield, total carbohydrates, antioxidant activities (DPPH), B-carotene, lycopene, and flavonoids in peanut seeds, either under normal or water stress conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbon nanotube application improved B-carotene, lycopene and flavonoids in peanut seeds under normal or water stress conditions.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae3
- Organ / stage
- seedse3
- Treatment
- the application of carbon nanotubese3
- Outcome
- B-carotene, lycopene, and flavonoidse3
- Direction
- improvede3
- Qualifier
- either under normal or water stress conditionse3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“the application of carbon nanotubes improved the nutrient contents, as expressed by the oil yield, protein yield, total carbohydrates, antioxidant activities (DPPH), B-carotene, lycopene, and flavonoids in peanut seeds, either under normal or water stress conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
The 40 mg/L CNT level was more effective than 20 mg/L at increasing the studied parameters in peanut plants.
- Taxon
- peanut plantsArachis hypogaeae6
- Treatment
- higher level of CNTs (40 mg/L)e4
- Outcome
- the above-mentioned parameterse4
- Direction
- more effectivee4
- Comparator
- lower one (20 mg/L)e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“The higher level of CNTs (40 mg/L) was more effective than the lower one (20 mg/L) at increasing the above-mentioned parameters”
e6“water stress (100%, 75%, and 50% irrigation water, IW) on peanut plants growing in sandy soil”
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