Paper · 2019 · Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

Effect of irrigation and nitrogen application on water productivity and performance of Cotton (Gossypium sp.)

Rakesh Kumar; N.K. Pareek; V.S. Rathore; et al.

20
claims
41
verbatim quotes
4
citations
1
research areas
✓
Open access · cc-by

Abstract

An experiment was conducted at research farm, Agricultural research sub-station, Hanumangarh, a unit of Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner during Kharif season, 2016 to study the effect of water and nitrogen application rates on yield attributes, yield and water productivity of cotton (Gossypium sp.). Cotton variety Sri ram 6588 BG II was planted using 3 levels of irrigation (200, 400 and 600 mm) and 4 level of nitrogen (0, 75, 150 and 225 kg ha−1) in split plot design with three replications. The water and nitrogen application rates had significant influence on yield attribute, yield and water productivity of cotton. The results indicated that the irrigation level 400 mm recorded significantly higher number of bolls per plant (37.08), boll weight (3.83 g), seed cotton yield (2568 kg ha−1), lint yield (734 kg ha−1) and seed yield (1834 kg ha−1) but was at par with irrigation level 600 mm. The highest stalk yield (4947 kg ha−1), biological yield (7599 kg ha−1) and seed index (9.21) were observed with irrigation level 600 mm. However, highest water productivity (0.405 kg m−3) was observed with irrigation level 200 mm. The maximum number of bolls per plant (41.78), stalk yield (4745 kg ha−1), biological yield (7462 kg ha−1) and water productivity (0.392 kg m−3) were found with nitrogen application rate 150 kg ha−1. The highest boll weight (4.05), seed index (8.47), seed cotton yield (2813 kg ha−1), seed yield (803 kg ha−1) and lint yield (2010 kg ha−1) were observed with nitrogen level 225 kg ha−1. The irrigation and nitrogen level had no significant effect on plant population at harvest. Irrigation along with nitrogen levels significantly influenced the yield attributes, yields and water productivity of Bt cotton. The combined application of irrigation level 600 mm and N @ 225 kg ha−1 resulted in significantly higher number of bolls per plant, seed cotton yield, stalk yield and total water productivity in comparison to irrigation @ 200 mm and N @ 0 kg ha−1 (control).

Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗

The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.

Claims 20

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

At 400 mm irrigation, cotton had significantly higher boll number, at 37.08 per plant.

Treatment
irrigation level 400 mme0
Outcome
number of bolls per plante0
Direction
highere0
Value
37.08e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Gossypium hirsutum
Gossypium hirsutum · TaxonChriKo · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“irrigation level 400 mm recorded significantly higher number of bolls per plant (37.08)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 682–769 · show in text ↑
e1

“cotton (Gossypium sp.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 304–326 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

At 400 mm irrigation, boll weight was significantly higher at 3.83 g.

Treatment
irrigation level 400 mme0
Outcome
boll weighte0
Direction
highere0
Value
3.83 ge0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Gossypium hirsutum
Gossypium hirsutum · TaxonChriKo · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“irrigation level 400 mm recorded significantly higher number of bolls per plant (37.08), boll weight (3.83 g)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 682–791 · show in text ↑
e1

“cotton (Gossypium sp.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 304–326 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

At 400 mm irrigation, seed cotton yield was significantly higher at 2568 kg ha−1.

Treatment
irrigation level 400 mme0
Outcome
seed cotton yielde0
Direction
highere0
Value
2568 kg ha−1e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Gossypium hirsutum
Gossypium hirsutum · TaxonChriKo · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“irrigation level 400 mm recorded significantly higher number of bolls per plant (37.08), boll weight (3.83 g), seed cotton yield (2568 kg ha−1)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 682–825 · show in text ↑
e1

“cotton (Gossypium sp.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 304–326 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

At 400 mm irrigation, lint yield was significantly higher at 734 kg ha−1.

Treatment
irrigation level 400 mme0
Outcome
lint yielde0
Direction
highere0
Value
734 kg ha−1e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Gossypium hirsutum
Gossypium hirsutum · TaxonChriKo · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“irrigation level 400 mm recorded significantly higher number of bolls per plant (37.08), boll weight (3.83 g), seed cotton yield (2568 kg ha−1), lint yield (734 kg ha−1)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 682–851 · show in text ↑
e1

“cotton (Gossypium sp.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 304–326 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

At 400 mm irrigation, seed yield was significantly higher at 1834 kg ha−1, while at par with 600 mm irrigation.

Treatment
irrigation level 400 mme1
Outcome
seed yielde0
Direction
highere1
Value
1834 kg ha−1e0
Comparator
irrigation level 600 mme0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Gossypium hirsutum
Gossypium hirsutum · TaxonChriKo · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“seed yield (1834 kg ha−1) but was at par with irrigation level 600 mm”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 856–925 · show in text ↑
e1

“irrigation level 400 mm recorded significantly higher”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 682–735 · show in text ↑
e2

“cotton (Gossypium sp.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 304–326 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

At 600 mm irrigation, stalk yield reached the highest value of 4947 kg ha−1.

Treatment
irrigation level 600 mme0
Outcome
stalk yielde0
Direction
higheste0
Value
4947 kg ha−1e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Gossypium hirsutum
Gossypium hirsutum · TaxonChriKo · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The highest stalk yield (4947 kg ha−1), biological yield (7599 kg ha−1) and seed index (9.21) were observed with irrigation level 600 mm”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 927–1063 · show in text ↑
e1

“cotton (Gossypium sp.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 304–326 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

At 600 mm irrigation, biological yield reached the highest value of 7599 kg ha−1.

Treatment
irrigation level 600 mme0
Outcome
biological yielde0
Direction
higheste0
Value
7599 kg ha−1e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Gossypium hirsutum
Gossypium hirsutum · TaxonChriKo · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The highest stalk yield (4947 kg ha−1), biological yield (7599 kg ha−1) and seed index (9.21) were observed with irrigation level 600 mm”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 927–1063 · show in text ↑
e1

“cotton (Gossypium sp.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 304–326 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

At 600 mm irrigation, seed index reached the highest value of 9.21.

Treatment
irrigation level 600 mme0
Outcome
seed indexe0
Direction
higheste0
Value
9.21e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Gossypium hirsutum
Gossypium hirsutum · TaxonChriKo · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The highest stalk yield (4947 kg ha−1), biological yield (7599 kg ha−1) and seed index (9.21) were observed with irrigation level 600 mm”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 927–1063 · show in text ↑
e1

“cotton (Gossypium sp.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 304–326 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

At 200 mm irrigation, water productivity reached the highest value of 0.405 kg m−3.

Treatment
irrigation level 200 mme0
Outcome
water productivitye0
Direction
higheste0
Value
0.405 kg m−3e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Gossypium hirsutum
Gossypium hirsutum · TaxonChriKo · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“highest water productivity (0.405 kg m−3) was observed with irrigation level 200 mm”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1074–1157 · show in text ↑
e1

“cotton (Gossypium sp.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 304–326 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

At 150 kg ha−1 nitrogen, boll number reached a maximum of 41.78 per plant.

Treatment
nitrogen application rate 150 kg ha−1e0
Outcome
number of bolls per plante0
Direction
maximume0
Value
41.78e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Gossypium hirsutum
Gossypium hirsutum · TaxonChriKo · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The maximum number of bolls per plant (41.78), stalk yield (4745 kg ha−1), biological yield (7462 kg ha−1) and water productivity (0.392 kg m−3) were found with nitrogen application rate 150 kg ha−1”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1159–1357 · show in text ↑
e1

“cotton (Gossypium sp.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 304–326 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

At 150 kg ha−1 nitrogen, stalk yield reached a maximum of 4745 kg ha−1.

Treatment
nitrogen application rate 150 kg ha−1e0
Outcome
stalk yielde0
Direction
maximume0
Value
4745 kg ha−1e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Gossypium hirsutum
Gossypium hirsutum · TaxonChriKo · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The maximum number of bolls per plant (41.78), stalk yield (4745 kg ha−1), biological yield (7462 kg ha−1) and water productivity (0.392 kg m−3) were found with nitrogen application rate 150 kg ha−1”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1159–1357 · show in text ↑
e1

“cotton (Gossypium sp.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 304–326 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

At 150 kg ha−1 nitrogen, biological yield reached a maximum of 7462 kg ha−1.

Treatment
nitrogen application rate 150 kg ha−1e0
Outcome
biological yielde0
Direction
maximume0
Value
7462 kg ha−1e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Gossypium hirsutum
Gossypium hirsutum · TaxonChriKo · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The maximum number of bolls per plant (41.78), stalk yield (4745 kg ha−1), biological yield (7462 kg ha−1) and water productivity (0.392 kg m−3) were found with nitrogen application rate 150 kg ha−1”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1159–1357 · show in text ↑
e1

“cotton (Gossypium sp.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 304–326 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

At 150 kg ha−1 nitrogen, water productivity reached a maximum of 0.392 kg m−3.

Treatment
nitrogen application rate 150 kg ha−1e0
Outcome
water productivitye0
Direction
maximume0
Value
0.392 kg m−3e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Gossypium hirsutum
Gossypium hirsutum · TaxonChriKo · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The maximum number of bolls per plant (41.78), stalk yield (4745 kg ha−1), biological yield (7462 kg ha−1) and water productivity (0.392 kg m−3) were found with nitrogen application rate 150 kg ha−1”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1159–1357 · show in text ↑
e1

“cotton (Gossypium sp.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 304–326 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

At 225 kg ha−1 nitrogen, boll weight was highest at 4.05.

Treatment
nitrogen level 225 kg ha−1e0
Outcome
boll weighte0
Direction
higheste0
Value
4.05e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Gossypium hirsutum
Gossypium hirsutum · TaxonChriKo · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The highest boll weight (4.05), seed index (8.47), seed cotton yield (2813 kg ha−1), seed yield (803 kg ha−1) and lint yield (2010 kg ha−1) were observed with nitrogen level 225 kg ha−1”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1359–1544 · show in text ↑
e1

“cotton (Gossypium sp.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 304–326 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

At 225 kg ha−1 nitrogen, seed index was highest at 8.47.

Treatment
nitrogen level 225 kg ha−1e0
Outcome
seed indexe0
Direction
higheste0
Value
8.47e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Gossypium hirsutum
Gossypium hirsutum · TaxonChriKo · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The highest boll weight (4.05), seed index (8.47), seed cotton yield (2813 kg ha−1), seed yield (803 kg ha−1) and lint yield (2010 kg ha−1) were observed with nitrogen level 225 kg ha−1”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1359–1544 · show in text ↑
e1

“cotton (Gossypium sp.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 304–326 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

At 225 kg ha−1 nitrogen, seed cotton yield was highest at 2813 kg ha−1.

Treatment
nitrogen level 225 kg ha−1e0
Outcome
seed cotton yielde0
Direction
higheste0
Value
2813 kg ha−1e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Gossypium hirsutum
Gossypium hirsutum · TaxonChriKo · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The highest boll weight (4.05), seed index (8.47), seed cotton yield (2813 kg ha−1), seed yield (803 kg ha−1) and lint yield (2010 kg ha−1) were observed with nitrogen level 225 kg ha−1”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1359–1544 · show in text ↑
e1

“cotton (Gossypium sp.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 304–326 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

At 225 kg ha−1 nitrogen, seed yield was highest at 803 kg ha−1.

Treatment
nitrogen level 225 kg ha−1e0
Outcome
seed yielde0
Direction
higheste0
Value
803 kg ha−1e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Gossypium hirsutum
Gossypium hirsutum · TaxonChriKo · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The highest boll weight (4.05), seed index (8.47), seed cotton yield (2813 kg ha−1), seed yield (803 kg ha−1) and lint yield (2010 kg ha−1) were observed with nitrogen level 225 kg ha−1”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1359–1544 · show in text ↑
e1

“cotton (Gossypium sp.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 304–326 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

At 225 kg ha−1 nitrogen, lint yield was highest at 2010 kg ha−1.

Treatment
nitrogen level 225 kg ha−1e0
Outcome
lint yielde0
Direction
higheste0
Value
2010 kg ha−1e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Gossypium hirsutum
Gossypium hirsutum · TaxonChriKo · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The highest boll weight (4.05), seed index (8.47), seed cotton yield (2813 kg ha−1), seed yield (803 kg ha−1) and lint yield (2010 kg ha−1) were observed with nitrogen level 225 kg ha−1”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1359–1544 · show in text ↑
e1

“cotton (Gossypium sp.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 304–326 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectnot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Irrigation and nitrogen levels did not significantly affect cotton plant population at harvest.

Treatment
irrigation and nitrogen levele0
Outcome
plant population at harveste0
Direction
no significant effecte0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Gossypium hirsutum
Gossypium hirsutum · TaxonChriKo · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The irrigation and nitrogen level had no significant effect on plant population at harvest”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1546–1636 · show in text ↑
e1

“cotton (Gossypium sp.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 304–326 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

600 mm irrigation plus 225 kg ha−1 nitrogen significantly increased boll number, seed cotton yield, stalk yield and total water productivity versus the control combination.

Treatment
irrigation level 600 mm and N @ 225 kg ha−1e0
Outcome
number of bolls per plant, seed cotton yield, stalk yield and total water productivitye0
Direction
highere0
Comparator
irrigation @ 200 mm and N @ 0 kg ha−1e0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Gossypium hirsutum
Gossypium hirsutum · TaxonChriKo · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The combined application of irrigation level 600 mm and N @ 225 kg ha−1 resulted in significantly higher number of bolls per plant, seed cotton yield, stalk yield and total water productivity in comparison to irrigation @ 200 mm and N @ 0 kg ha−1 (control)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1767–2023 · show in text ↑
e1

“cotton (Gossypium sp.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 304–326 · show in text ↑

nitrogen · quality: grain · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Results differ

103 papers: 65 positive, 38 negative or no effect

64 papers in the same direction as this paper · 32 in the opposite direction · 6 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. no effect
  2. no effect
  3. negative

99 papers more in this group

See all 103 papers →

nitrogen · pest · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results

12 papers: 7 positive, 5 negative or no effect

4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

8 papers more in this group

See all 12 papers →

irrigation · pest · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results

15 papers: 6 positive, 9 negative or no effect

8 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

11 papers more in this group

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nitrogen · physiology: water · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results

18 papers: 14 positive, 4 negative or no effect

13 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction

  1. no effect
  2. no effect
  3. no effect

14 papers more in this group

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irrigation · physiology: water · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results

131 papers: 110 positive, 21 negative or no effect

109 papers in the same direction as this paper · 20 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. negative
  2. negative
  3. negative

127 papers more in this group

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irrigation · quality: grain · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results

134 papers: 73 positive, 61 negative or no effect

72 papers in the same direction as this paper · 55 in the opposite direction · 6 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

130 papers more in this group

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nitrogen · yield · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results

343 papers: 286 positive, 57 negative or no effect

285 papers in the same direction as this paper · 53 in the opposite direction · 4 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. positive
  2. no effect
  3. no effect

339 papers more in this group

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irrigation · yield · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results

399 papers: 304 positive, 95 negative or no effect

303 papers in the same direction as this paper · 86 in the opposite direction · 9 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. positive
  2. no effect
  3. negative

395 papers more in this group

See all 399 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.