Abstract
Two field experiments were conducted at Sakha Agricultural Research Station, North Delta, Egypt during two successive growing seasons (2010-2011 and 2011-2012) to study the effect of nitrogen fertilization with and without K and B application on wheat yield in addition to evaluate quantitatively the response of wheat grain yield to fertilizer application using a polynomial quadratic equation. Five N levels ( 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 kg N fed-1) were applied as a main plots, with 2 levels of K ( 0 and 50 kg K2O fed-1) as sub-plot, and B solution at 0.1% concentrationsprayed after 70 days from sowing as sub-sub plots. The cultivated wheat variety was Sakha 69. The main results could be summarized as follows: 1- Increasing N levels up to 90 kg fed-1 led to a significant increase in the grain yield. Also, the grain yield was increased with potassium application in average by 2.5 %. Foliar application of boron resulted in increasing the grain yield in average by 2.48%. 2- The estimated values of the maximum N rate (xmax) were 2.76, 2.83, 2.78 and 2.77 units of N fed-1. (one N unit = 30 kg) for the treatments of N only (A), N with B (B), N with K(C) and N with B and K(D), respectively. The estimated values of maximum wheat grain yield (Ymax) (17.051, 17.586, 17.788 and 18.140 ardab fed-1 for the four treatments, respectively) were increased by applying K and B fertilizers. 3- The economic optimum yield (Yopt) was obtained by applying the economic optimum rates (xopt). The values of xopt were 2.63, 2.70, 2.65 and 2.64 N units fed-1 for the four treatments, respectively. The values of Yopt were 17.03, 17.57, 17.76 and 18.13 ardab fed-1 for the previous mentioned treatments, respectively. The net returns of using N fertilizer were 2612.80, 2753.82, 2766.34 and 2865.10 LE fed-1 for the four treatments, respectively. Hence, it could be concluded that the maximum and optimum wheat grain yield (Ymax and Yopt) were increased by applying K and B fertilizers. 4- Relative efficiency of applied N fertilizer (EX) with different treatments could be arranged in the following descending order: D > C > B > A. The highest efficiency of soil N (exs) was obtained under treatment B. The highest value of soil N (xs) (1.486 unit fed-1) was obtained with A treatment. The contribution of applied N fertilizer increased with increasing N level and the highest value of applied N fertilizer contribution was obtained under D treatment. Also, the contribution of soil N decreased with increasing N application level up to 120 kg fed-1 (N4). The net return due to Boron spraying was 299.8 L.E fed-1. Generally it could be concluded that increasing N level up to 90 kg/fed led to a significant increase in wheat grain yield. The maximum, optimum wheat grain yield (Ymax and Yopt), N use efficiency and the net return were increased by applying K and B fertilizers. Also the contribution of soil N decreased with increasing N application level up to 120 kg fed-1.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing N to 90 kg fed-1 significantly increased grain yield.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- N levels up to 90 kg fed-1e0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing N levels up to 90 kg fed-1 led to a significant increase in the grain yield”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium application increased grain yield by 2.5% on average.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- potassium applicatione0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 2.5 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the grain yield was increased with potassium application in average by 2.5 %”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar boron increased grain yield by 2.48% on average.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Foliar application of borone0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 2.48%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar application of boron resulted in increasing the grain yield in average by 2.48%”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Estimated maximum N rate for N alone was 2.76 units of N fed-1.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- N only (A)e0
- Outcome
- maximum N rate (xmax)e0
- Value
- 2.76e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The estimated values of the maximum N rate (xmax) were 2.76, 2.83, 2.78 and 2.77 units of N fed-1. (one N unit = 30 kg) for the treatments of N only (A), N with B (B), N with K(C) and N with B and K(D), respectively”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Estimated maximum N rate with B was 2.83 N units per fed-1.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- N with B (B)e0
- Outcome
- maximum N rate (xmax)e0
- Value
- 2.83e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The estimated values of the maximum N rate (xmax) were 2.76, 2.83, 2.78 and 2.77 units of N fed-1. (one N unit = 30 kg) for the treatments of N only (A), N with B (B), N with K(C) and N with B and K(D), respectively”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Estimated maximum N rate with K was 2.78 N units per fed-1.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- N with K(C)e0
- Outcome
- maximum N rate (xmax)e0
- Value
- 2.78e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The estimated values of the maximum N rate (xmax) were 2.76, 2.83, 2.78 and 2.77 units of N fed-1. (one N unit = 30 kg) for the treatments of N only (A), N with B (B), N with K(C) and N with B and K(D), respectively”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Estimated maximum N rate with B and K was 2.77 N units per fed-1.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- N with B and K(D)e0
- Outcome
- maximum N rate (xmax)e0
- Value
- 2.77e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The estimated values of the maximum N rate (xmax) were 2.76, 2.83, 2.78 and 2.77 units of N fed-1. (one N unit = 30 kg) for the treatments of N only (A), N with B (B), N with K(C) and N with B and K(D), respectively”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Estimated maximum grain yield was 17.051, 17.586, 17.788 and 18.140 ardab fed-1 for A through D respectively.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- maximum wheat grain yield (Ymax)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 17.051, 17.586, 17.788 and 18.140 ardab fed-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The estimated values of maximum wheat grain yield (Ymax) (17.051, 17.586, 17.788 and 18.140 ardab fed-1 for the four treatments, respectively) were increased by applying K and B fertilizers”
Claim · model-written summary
Economic optimum N rates were 2.63, 2.70, 2.65 and 2.64 N units fed-1 across A through D.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- xopte0
- Value
- 2.63, 2.70, 2.65 and 2.64 N units fed-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The values of xopt were 2.63, 2.70, 2.65 and 2.64 N units fed-1 for the four treatments, respectively”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Economic optimum yields were 17.03, 17.57, 17.76 and 18.13 ardab fed-1 across A through D.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- Yopte0
- Value
- 17.03, 17.57, 17.76 and 18.13 ardab fed-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The values of Yopt were 17.03, 17.57, 17.76 and 18.13 ardab fed-1 for the previous mentioned treatments, respectively”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Net returns from N were 2612.80, 2753.82, 2766.34 and 2865.10 LE fed-1 across A through D.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- net returns of using N fertilizere0
- Value
- 2612.80, 2753.82, 2766.34 and 2865.10 LE fed-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The net returns of using N fertilizer were 2612.80, 2753.82, 2766.34 and 2865.10 LE fed-1 for the four treatments, respectively”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Relative efficiency of applied N ranked D above C above B above A.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- Relative efficiency of applied N fertilizer (EX)e0
- Direction
- descending ordere0
- Value
- D > C > B > Ae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Relative efficiency of applied N fertilizer (EX) with different treatments could be arranged in the following descending order: D > C > B > A”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil N efficiency was highest under treatment B.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- treatment Be0
- Outcome
- efficiency of soil N (exs)e0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest efficiency of soil N (exs) was obtained under treatment B”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil N amount was highest under A at 1.486 unit fed-1.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- A treatmente0
- Outcome
- soil N (xs)e0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 1.486 unit fed-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest value of soil N (xs) (1.486 unit fed-1) was obtained with A treatment”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Applied N contribution increased with N level.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- N levele0
- Outcome
- contribution of applied N fertilizere0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The contribution of applied N fertilizer increased with increasing N level”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Applied N contribution was greatest under D.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- D treatmente0
- Outcome
- applied N fertilizer contributione0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the highest value of applied N fertilizer contribution was obtained under D treatment”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil N contribution fell with N application up to 120 kg fed-1.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- N application level up to 120 kg fed-1 (N4)e0
- Outcome
- contribution of soil Ne0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the contribution of soil N decreased with increasing N application level up to 120 kg fed-1 (N4)”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Boron spraying yielded net return of 299.8 L.E fed-1.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Boron sprayinge0
- Outcome
- net returne0
- Value
- 299.8 L.E fed-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The net return due to Boron spraying was 299.8 L.E fed-1”
t0“wheat”
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