Abstract
The main aim of this study was to investigate the responses of agronomic traits, photosynthesis and glutamine synthase (GS) expression in different sugarcane (Saccharum L. spp. hybrids) varieties under different nitrogen levels. Sugarcane varieties GT11 (nitrogen inefficient) and GXB9 (nitrogen efficient) were planted at three levels of nitrogen supply, e.g. 0 kg/ha (low nitrogen level, L-N), 150 kg/ha (medium nitrogen level, M-N) and 300 kg/ha (high nitrogen level, H-N) of urea application. The agronomic traits, photosynthesis, and GS activity and expression were determined at different growth stages of sugarcane. The results showed that the plant height, stalk diameter, leaf area, chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, GS activity and GS1 protein expression in GT11 increased with the increase of nitrogen application, while the plant height, stalk diameter, chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, GS activity and GS1 protein expression in GXB9 reached the maximum on medium nitrogen level. The leaf area of GXB9 was always higher than that of GT11 on the same nitrogen level. Under the low and medium nitrogen levels, the activities of GS and expression of GS1 protein were higher in GXB9 than GT11. The transcription expression levels of scGS1.a and scGS1.b were down-regulated while that of scGS1.c up-regulated by the increase of nitrogen application level. In conclusion, the nitrogen inefficient sugarcane variety needs more nitrogen application, but excessive nitrogen application is not good for the nitrogen efficient sugarcane variety.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
In GT11, plant height increased as nitrogen application increased.
- Taxon
- SUGARCANEt0
- Material
- GT11e0
- Treatment
- nitrogen applicatione0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedGeneComparator
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that the plant height, stalk diameter, leaf area, chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, GS activity and GS1 protein expression in GT11 increased with the increase of nitrogen application, while the plant height, stalk diameter, chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, GS activity and GS1 protein expression in GXB9 reached the maximum on medium nitrogen level.”
t0“SUGARCANE”
Claim · model-written summary
In GT11, stalk diameter increased as nitrogen application increased.
- Taxon
- SUGARCANEt0
- Material
- GT11e0
- Treatment
- nitrogen applicatione0
- Outcome
- stalk diametere0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedGeneComparator
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that the plant height, stalk diameter, leaf area, chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, GS activity and GS1 protein expression in GT11 increased with the increase of nitrogen application, while the plant height, stalk diameter, chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, GS activity and GS1 protein expression in GXB9 reached the maximum on medium nitrogen level.”
t0“SUGARCANE”
Claim · model-written summary
In GT11, leaf area increased as nitrogen application increased.
Not reportedGeneComparator
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that the plant height, stalk diameter, leaf area, chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, GS activity and GS1 protein expression in GT11 increased with the increase of nitrogen application, while the plant height, stalk diameter, chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, GS activity and GS1 protein expression in GXB9 reached the maximum on medium nitrogen level.”
t0“SUGARCANE”
Claim · model-written summary
In GT11, chlorophyll content increased as nitrogen application increased.
- Taxon
- SUGARCANEt0
- Material
- GT11e0
- Treatment
- nitrogen applicatione0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedGeneComparator
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that the plant height, stalk diameter, leaf area, chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, GS activity and GS1 protein expression in GT11 increased with the increase of nitrogen application, while the plant height, stalk diameter, chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, GS activity and GS1 protein expression in GXB9 reached the maximum on medium nitrogen level.”
t0“SUGARCANE”
Claim · model-written summary
In GT11, net photosynthetic rate increased as nitrogen application increased.
- Taxon
- SUGARCANEt0
- Material
- GT11e0
- Treatment
- nitrogen applicatione0
- Outcome
- net photosynthetic ratee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedGeneComparator
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that the plant height, stalk diameter, leaf area, chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, GS activity and GS1 protein expression in GT11 increased with the increase of nitrogen application, while the plant height, stalk diameter, chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, GS activity and GS1 protein expression in GXB9 reached the maximum on medium nitrogen level.”
t0“SUGARCANE”
Claim · model-written summary
In GT11, GS activity increased as nitrogen application increased.
- Taxon
- SUGARCANEt0
- Material
- GT11e0
- Treatment
- nitrogen applicatione0
- Outcome
- GS activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedGeneComparator
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that the plant height, stalk diameter, leaf area, chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, GS activity and GS1 protein expression in GT11 increased with the increase of nitrogen application, while the plant height, stalk diameter, chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, GS activity and GS1 protein expression in GXB9 reached the maximum on medium nitrogen level.”
t0“SUGARCANE”
Claim · model-written summary
In GT11, GS1 protein expression increased as nitrogen application increased.
- Taxon
- SUGARCANEt0
- Material
- GT11e0
- Treatment
- nitrogen applicatione0
- Gene
- GS1e0
- Outcome
- GS1 protein expressione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that the plant height, stalk diameter, leaf area, chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, GS activity and GS1 protein expression in GT11 increased with the increase of nitrogen application, while the plant height, stalk diameter, chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, GS activity and GS1 protein expression in GXB9 reached the maximum on medium nitrogen level.”
t0“SUGARCANE”
Claim · model-written summary
In GXB9, plant height peaked at medium nitrogen.
- Taxon
- SUGARCANEt0
- Material
- GXB9e0
- Treatment
- medium nitrogen levele0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- maximume0
Not reportedGeneComparator
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that the plant height, stalk diameter, leaf area, chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, GS activity and GS1 protein expression in GT11 increased with the increase of nitrogen application, while the plant height, stalk diameter, chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, GS activity and GS1 protein expression in GXB9 reached the maximum on medium nitrogen level.”
t0“SUGARCANE”
Claim · model-written summary
In GXB9, stalk diameter peaked at medium nitrogen.
- Taxon
- SUGARCANEt0
- Material
- GXB9e0
- Treatment
- medium nitrogen levele0
- Outcome
- stalk diametere0
- Direction
- maximume0
Not reportedGeneComparator
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that the plant height, stalk diameter, leaf area, chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, GS activity and GS1 protein expression in GT11 increased with the increase of nitrogen application, while the plant height, stalk diameter, chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, GS activity and GS1 protein expression in GXB9 reached the maximum on medium nitrogen level.”
t0“SUGARCANE”
Claim · model-written summary
In GXB9, chlorophyll content peaked at medium nitrogen.
- Taxon
- SUGARCANEt0
- Material
- GXB9e0
- Treatment
- medium nitrogen levele0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- maximume0
Not reportedGeneComparator
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that the plant height, stalk diameter, leaf area, chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, GS activity and GS1 protein expression in GT11 increased with the increase of nitrogen application, while the plant height, stalk diameter, chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, GS activity and GS1 protein expression in GXB9 reached the maximum on medium nitrogen level.”
t0“SUGARCANE”
Claim · model-written summary
In GXB9, net photosynthetic rate peaked at medium nitrogen.
- Taxon
- SUGARCANEt0
- Material
- GXB9e0
- Treatment
- medium nitrogen levele0
- Outcome
- net photosynthetic ratee0
- Direction
- maximume0
Not reportedGeneComparator
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that the plant height, stalk diameter, leaf area, chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, GS activity and GS1 protein expression in GT11 increased with the increase of nitrogen application, while the plant height, stalk diameter, chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, GS activity and GS1 protein expression in GXB9 reached the maximum on medium nitrogen level.”
t0“SUGARCANE”
Claim · model-written summary
In GXB9, GS activity peaked at medium nitrogen.
- Taxon
- SUGARCANEt0
- Material
- GXB9e0
- Treatment
- medium nitrogen levele0
- Outcome
- GS activitye0
- Direction
- maximume0
Not reportedGeneComparator
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that the plant height, stalk diameter, leaf area, chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, GS activity and GS1 protein expression in GT11 increased with the increase of nitrogen application, while the plant height, stalk diameter, chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, GS activity and GS1 protein expression in GXB9 reached the maximum on medium nitrogen level.”
t0“SUGARCANE”
Claim · model-written summary
In GXB9, GS1 protein expression peaked at medium nitrogen.
- Taxon
- SUGARCANEt0
- Material
- GXB9e0
- Treatment
- medium nitrogen levele0
- Gene
- GS1e0
- Outcome
- GS1 protein expressione0
- Direction
- maximume0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that the plant height, stalk diameter, leaf area, chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, GS activity and GS1 protein expression in GT11 increased with the increase of nitrogen application, while the plant height, stalk diameter, chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, GS activity and GS1 protein expression in GXB9 reached the maximum on medium nitrogen level.”
t0“SUGARCANE”
Claim · model-written summary
GXB9 had greater leaf area than GT11 at each nitrogen level.
Verbatim
e0“The leaf area of GXB9 was always higher than that of GT11 on the same nitrogen level.”
t0“SUGARCANE”
Claim · model-written summary
GXB9 exceeded GT11 in activities of GS under low and medium nitrogen.
Verbatim
e0“Under the low and medium nitrogen levels, the activities of GS and expression of GS1 protein were higher in GXB9 than GT11.”
t0“SUGARCANE”
Claim · model-written summary
GXB9 exceeded GT11 in expression of GS1 protein under low and medium nitrogen.
Verbatim
e0“Under the low and medium nitrogen levels, the activities of GS and expression of GS1 protein were higher in GXB9 than GT11.”
t0“SUGARCANE”
Claim · model-written summary
scGS1.a transcription was down-regulated as nitrogen application increased.
- Taxon
- SUGARCANEt0
- Treatment
- increase of nitrogen application levele0
- Gene
- scGS1.ae0
- Outcome
- transcription expression levelse0
- Direction
- down-regulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The transcription expression levels of scGS1.a and scGS1.b were down-regulated while that of scGS1.c up-regulated by the increase of nitrogen application level.”
t0“SUGARCANE”
Claim · model-written summary
scGS1.b transcription was down-regulated as nitrogen application increased.
- Taxon
- SUGARCANEt0
- Treatment
- increase of nitrogen application levele0
- Gene
- scGS1.be0
- Outcome
- transcription expression levelse0
- Direction
- down-regulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The transcription expression levels of scGS1.a and scGS1.b were down-regulated while that of scGS1.c up-regulated by the increase of nitrogen application level.”
t0“SUGARCANE”
Claim · model-written summary
scGS1.c transcription was up-regulated as nitrogen application increased.
- Taxon
- SUGARCANEt0
- Treatment
- increase of nitrogen application levele0
- Gene
- scGS1.ce0
- Outcome
- transcription expression levelse0
- Direction
- up-regulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The transcription expression levels of scGS1.a and scGS1.b were down-regulated while that of scGS1.c up-regulated by the increase of nitrogen application level.”
t0“SUGARCANE”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors advise against excessive nitrogen application for the nitrogen efficient sugarcane variety.
Verbatim
e0“In conclusion, the nitrogen inefficient sugarcane variety needs more nitrogen application, but excessive nitrogen application is not good for the nitrogen efficient sugarcane variety.”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.