Abstract
In sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench), the impact of heat stress during flowering on seed set is known, but mechanisms that lead to tolerance are not known. A diverse set of sorghum genotypes was tested under controlled environment and field conditions to ascertain the impact of heat stress on time-of-day of flowering, pollen viability, and ovarian tissue. A highly conserved early morning flowering was observed, wherein >90% of spikelets completed flowering within 30 min after dawn, both in inbreds and hybrids. A strong quantitative impact of heat stress was recorded before pollination (reduced pollen viability) and post pollination (reduced pollen tube growth and linear decline in fertility). Although viable pollen tube did reach the micropylar region, 100% spikelet sterility was recorded under 40/22°C (day/night temperatures), even in the tolerant genotype Macia. Heat stress induced significant damage to the ovarian tissue near the micropylar region, leading to highly condensed cytoplasmic contents and disintegrated nucleolus and nucleus in the susceptible genotype RTx430. Whereas, relatively less damages to ovarian cell organelles were observed in the tolerant genotype Macia under heat stress. Integrating higher tolerance in female reproductive organ will help in effective utilization of the early morning flowering mechanism to enhance sorghum productivity under current and future hotter climate.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Spikelets of sorghum completed flowering within 30 min after dawn, with more than 90% doing so, in both inbreds and hybrids.
- Material
- inbreds and hybridse1
- Outcome
- spikelets completed flowering within 30 min after dawne1
- Value
- >90%e1
SorghumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench)”
e1“A highly conserved early morning flowering was observed, wherein >90% of spikelets completed flowering within 30 min after dawn, both in inbreds and hybrids”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat stress before pollination reduced sorghum pollen viability.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench)”
e2“A strong quantitative impact of heat stress was recorded before pollination (reduced pollen viability) and post pollination (reduced pollen tube growth and linear decline in fertility)”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat stress after pollination reduced sorghum pollen tube growth.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench)”
e2“A strong quantitative impact of heat stress was recorded before pollination (reduced pollen viability) and post pollination (reduced pollen tube growth and linear decline in fertility)”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat stress after pollination caused a linear decline in sorghum fertility.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench)”
e2“A strong quantitative impact of heat stress was recorded before pollination (reduced pollen viability) and post pollination (reduced pollen tube growth and linear decline in fertility)”
Claim · model-written summary
Spikelet sterility of 100% was recorded under 40/22°C day/night temperatures, even in the tolerant genotype Macia.
- Material
- tolerant genotype Maciae4
- Treatment
- 40/22°C (day/night temperatures)e4
- Outcome
- spikelet sterilitye4
- Value
- 100%e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench)”
e4“100% spikelet sterility was recorded under 40/22°C (day/night temperatures), even in the tolerant genotype Macia”
Claim · model-written summary
Viable pollen tubes did reach the micropylar region in sorghum under heat stress.
- Outcome
- viable pollen tube did reach the micropylar regione5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench)”
e5“Although viable pollen tube did reach the micropylar region”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat stress induced significant damage to the ovarian tissue in the susceptible genotype RTx430.
- Material
- susceptible genotype RTx430e6
- Organ / stage
- ovarian tissuee6
- Treatment
- Heat stresse6
- Outcome
- damage to the ovarian tissuee6
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench)”
e6“Heat stress induced significant damage to the ovarian tissue near the micropylar region, leading to highly condensed cytoplasmic contents and disintegrated nucleolus and nucleus in the susceptible genotype RTx430”
Claim · model-written summary
Under heat stress, the tolerant genotype Macia showed less damage to ovarian cell organelles.
- Material
- tolerant genotype Maciae7
- Treatment
- heat stresse7
- Outcome
- damages to ovarian cell organellese7
- Direction
- lesse7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench)”
e7“relatively less damages to ovarian cell organelles were observed in the tolerant genotype Macia under heat stress”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend integrating higher tolerance in the female reproductive organ to enhance sorghum productivity under hotter climates.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench)”
e1“Integrating higher tolerance in female reproductive organ will help in effective utilization of the early morning flowering mechanism to enhance sorghum productivity under current and future hotter climate”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.